Bordeaux Population Health Center (BPH Inserm U1219), Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, Bordeaux, 33000, France.
Department of Prevention Cancer Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Environ Health. 2024 Sep 7;23(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01106-x.
While genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle factors partially elucidate the incidence of breast cancer, emerging research has underscored the potential contribution of air pollution. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are of particular concern due to endocrine-disrupting properties and their carcinogenetic effect.
To identify distinct long term trajectories of exposure to PCB153 and BaP, and estimate their associations with breast cancer risk.
We used data from the XENAIR case-control study, nested within the ongoing prospective French E3N cohort which enrolled 98,995 women aged 40-65 years in 1990-1991. Cases were incident cases of primary invasive breast cancer diagnosed from cohort entry to 2011. Controls were randomly selected by incidence density sampling, and individually matched to cases on delay since cohort entry, and date, age, department of residence, and menopausal status at cohort entry. Annual mean outdoor PCB153 and BaP concentrations at residential addresses from 1990 to 2011 were estimated using the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model. Latent class mixed models were used to identify profiles of exposure trajectories from cohort entry to the index date, and conditional logistic regression to estimate their association with the odds of breast cancer.
5058 cases and 5059 controls contributed to the analysis. Five profiles of trajectories of PCB153 exposure were identified. The class with the highest PCB153 concentrations had a 69% increased odds of breast cancer compared to the class with the lowest concentrations (95% CI 1.08, 2.64), after adjustment for education and matching factors. The association between identified BaP trajectories and breast cancer was weaker and suffered from large CI.
Our results support an association between long term exposure to PCB153 and the risk of breast cancer, and encourage further studies to account for lifetime exposure to persistent organic pollutants.
虽然遗传、激素和生活方式因素部分阐明了乳腺癌的发病率，但新兴研究强调了空气污染的潜在贡献。多氯联苯（PCBs）和苯并[a]芘（BaP）由于具有内分泌干扰特性和致癌作用而特别令人关注。
确定暴露于 PCB153 和 BaP 的不同长期轨迹，并估计它们与乳腺癌风险的关联。
我们使用了来自 XENAIR 病例对照研究的数据，该研究嵌套在正在进行的前瞻性法国 E3N 队列中，该队列于 1990 年至 1991 年招募了 98995 名年龄在 40-65 岁的女性。病例是从队列入组到 2011 年诊断出的原发性浸润性乳腺癌的新发病例。对照是通过发病率密度抽样随机选择的，并根据入组延迟、日期、年龄、居住地和入组时的绝经状态与病例进行个体匹配。使用 CHIMERE 化学传输模型估算 1990 年至 2011 年居住地址的年度平均户外 PCB153 和 BaP 浓度。使用潜在类别混合模型从入组到索引日期识别暴露轨迹的特征，并使用条件逻辑回归估计它们与乳腺癌几率的关联。
5058 例病例和 5059 例对照参与了分析。确定了 5 种 PCB153 暴露轨迹的特征。与浓度最低的特征相比，浓度最高的特征患乳腺癌的几率增加了 69%（95%CI 1.08，2.64），调整了教育程度和匹配因素。确定的 BaP 轨迹与乳腺癌之间的关联较弱，置信区间较大。
我们的结果支持长期暴露于 PCB153 与乳腺癌风险之间的关联，并鼓励进一步研究考虑对持久性有机污染物的终生暴露。
