Alhaj Hamoud Yousef, Shaghaleh Hiba, Zhang Ke, Okla Mohammad K, Alaraidh Ibrahim A, AbdElgawad Hamada, Sheteiwy Mohamed S
National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Aug 20;15:1397552. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1397552. eCollection 2024.
Salinity negatively affects maize productivity. However, calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) could improve soil properties and maize productivity.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of CLS application on soil chemical properties, plant physiology and grain quality of maize under salinity stress. Thus, this experiment was conducted using three CLS application rates, CLS, CLS, and CLS, corresponding to 0%, 5%, and 10% of soil mass, for three irrigation water salinity (WS) levels WS, WS, and WS corresponding to 0.5 and 2.5 and 5.5 dS/m, respectively.
Results show that the WS × CLS combination increased potassium (K 0.167 g/kg), and calcium (Ca, 0.39 g/kg) values while reducing the sodium (Na, 0.23 g/kg) content in soil. However, the treatment WS × CLS decreased K (0.120 g/kg), and Ca (0.15 g/kg) values while increasing Na (0.75 g/kg) content in soil. The root activity was larger in WS × CLS than in WS × CLS, as the former combination enlarged K and Ca contents in the root while the latter decreased their values. The leaf glutamine synthetase (953.9 µmol/(g.h)) and nitrate reductase (40.39 µg/(g.h)) were higher in WS × CLS than in WS × CLS at 573.4 µmol/(g.h) and 20.76 µg/(g.h), leading to the improvement in cell progression cycle, as revealed by lower malonaldehyde level (6.57 µmol/g). The K and Ca contents in the leaf (881, 278 mg/plant), stem (1314, 731 mg/plant), and grains (1330, 1117 mg/plant) were greater in WS × CLS than in WS × CLS at (146, 21 mg/plant), (201, 159 mg/plant) and (206, 157 mg/plant), respectively. Therefore, the maize was more resistance to salt stress under the CLS level, as a 7.34% decline in yield was noticed when salinity surpassed the threshold value (5.96 dS/m). The protein (13.6 %) and starch (89.2 %) contents were greater in WS × CLS than in WS × CLS (6.1 %) and (67.0 %), respectively. This study reveals that CLS addition can alleviate the adverse impacts of salinity on soil quality and maize productivity. Thus, CLS application could be used as an effective soil amendment when irrigating with saline water for sustainable maize production.
盐分对玉米生产力有负面影响。然而，木质素磺酸钙（CLS）可以改善土壤性质并提高玉米生产力。
在本研究中，我们评估了在盐分胁迫下施用CLS对玉米土壤化学性质、植物生理和籽粒品质的影响。因此，本实验采用了三种CLS施用量，分别为CLS、CLS和CLS，对应于土壤质量的0%、5%和10%，设置了三种灌溉水盐度（WS）水平，分别为WS、WS和WS，对应电导率分别为0.5、2.5和5.5 dS/m。
结果表明，WS×CLS组合提高了土壤中钾（K，0.167 g/kg）和钙（Ca，0.39 g/kg）的含量，同时降低了钠（Na，0.23 g/kg）的含量。然而，WS×CLS处理降低了土壤中钾（0.120 g/kg）和钙（0.15 g/kg）的含量，同时增加了钠（0.75 g/kg）的含量。WS×CLS处理的根系活力大于WS×CLS处理，因为前者组合增加了根系中钾和钙的含量，而后者降低了它们的值。WS×CLS处理下叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶（953.9 μmol/(g·h)）和硝酸还原酶（40.39 μg/(g·h)）高于WS×CLS处理，分别为573.4 μmol/(g·h)和20.76 μg/(g·h)，丙二醛水平较低（6.57 μmol/g）表明细胞进程周期得到改善。WS×CLS处理下叶片（881、278 mg/株）、茎（1314、731 mg/株）和籽粒（1,330、1,117 mg/株）中的钾和钙含量分别高于WS×CLS处理下的（146、21 mg/株）、（201、159 mg/株）和（206、157 mg/株）。因此，在CLS水平下玉米对盐胁迫的耐受性更强，当盐度超过阈值（5.96 dS/m）时，产量下降了7.34%。WS×CLS处理下蛋白质（13.6%）和淀粉（89.2%）的含量分别高于WS×CLS处理下的（6.1%）和（67.0%）。本研究表明，添加CLS可以减轻盐分对土壤质量和玉米生产力的不利影响。因此，在用盐水灌溉以实现玉米可持续生产时，施用CLS可作为一种有效的土壤改良剂。
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