Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Equin de Livet, 1497, Route de Castillon, Saint Michel de Livet, 14 140 Livarot-Pays d'Auge, France.
Cabinet Vétérinaire des Lianes, 421, route de Campagne, 62990 Beaurainville, France.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2024 Nov;142:105194. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105194. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
There is a paucity of scientific data on the effect of shoeing on equine neck and back kinematics during locomotion over commonly used sand training surfaces. A better appreciation of how alterations at hoof-ground interface influence equine upper body movements is relevant for improving horse's health and performance. Our objectives were to determine the effects of different shoeing conditions on equine neck and back kinematics at walk and trot in straight line over sand. Two-dimensional kinematic video analysis was performed under seven shoeing conditions: front feet shod with aluminum shoes and hind feet with steel racehorse shoes (REFSHOD), front aluminum shoe and hind feet unshod (FORESHOD), front feet unshod and hind steel race shoes (HINDSHOD), all four feet unshod (UNSHOD), front feet shod in combination with hind egg bar shoes (hEGGBAR), hind wide toe shoes (hTOE) and hind reverse shoes (hREVERSE). Data indicated that joint angles in the cervicothoracic junction were four times more likely to be significantly affected by the shoeing condition than in the back and sacrum. FORESHOD largely modifies the kinematics in comparison to REFSHOD or UNSHOD, with respectively a 6-11±1-2° (P<0.001) increased cervicothoracic extension at walk and trot, and a 3-4±1° (P<0.05) increased thoracolumbar flexion at trot. In comparison to REFSHOD, hEGGBAR, hTOE and hREVERSE induce a 5-7±1-2° (P<0.05) increased cervicothoracic extension at trot and walk respectively, and UNSHOD induced cervicothoracic flexion at trot (6±2°, P<0.05). In conclusion, shoeing conditions impact equine neck and back position, which should be considered during clinical examination, rehabilitation and training.
在常见的沙地训练表面上运动时，关于蹄铁对马颈部和背部运动学影响的科学数据很少。更好地了解蹄地界面的变化如何影响马的上半身运动，对于改善马的健康和性能至关重要。我们的目的是确定不同蹄铁条件对马在沙地上直线行走和小跑时颈部和背部运动学的影响。在七种蹄铁条件下进行二维运动学视频分析：前脚用铝蹄铁，后脚用钢赛马蹄铁（REFSHOD），前脚铝蹄铁，后脚无蹄铁（FORESHOD），前脚无蹄铁，后脚钢赛马蹄铁（HINDSHOD），四蹄无蹄铁（UNSHOD），前脚与后蛋蹄铁（hEGGBAR）结合，后宽蹄铁（hTOE）和后反向蹄铁（hREVERSE）。数据表明，与背部和荐骨相比，颈椎胸关节的关节角度受蹄铁条件的影响大四倍。与 REFSHOD 或 UNSHOD 相比，FORESHOD 极大地改变了运动学，分别在行走和小跑时增加了 6-11±1-2°（P<0.001）的颈椎胸伸展，以及在小跑时增加了 3-4±1°（P<0.05）的胸腰椎屈曲。与 REFSHOD 相比，hEGGBAR、hTOE 和 hREVERSE 分别使小跑和行走时的颈椎胸伸展增加 5-7±1-2°（P<0.05），而 UNSHOD 使小跑时的颈椎胸屈曲增加（6±2°，P<0.05）。总之，蹄铁条件会影响马的颈部和背部位置，这在临床检查、康复和训练中都应加以考虑。
