Neves Mariana Tomásio, Borges André Luís, Martins Guilherme, Sá Graça, Loureiro Teresa, Moldovan Oana
Department of Medical Genetics, Hospital de Santa Maria, Unidade Local de Saúde Santa Maria, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Unidade Local de Saúde de Lisboa Ocidental, Estrada Forte do Alto Duque, Lisboa 1449-005, Portugal.
Radiol Case Rep. 2024 Aug 31;19(11):5393-5398. doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.07.190. eCollection 2024 Nov.
Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a neuronal migration defect characterized by the presence of ectopic grey matter nodules adjacent to the walls of the lateral ventricles. The main genetic etiology of PNH are variants in the Filamin A gene (, MIM #300049), located in the X chromosome. It affects mostly females (embryonic lethality in males), with about 50% of cases inherited from healthy mothers or with a mild phenotype. It is associated with epilepsy (75%-90%), cardiovascular (65%) and pulmonary pathologies (25%). A 28-year-old primigravida was referred for prenatal care in obstetrics department because of personal history of obliterative bronchiolitis. She has a family history of asthma (mother and sister) and adulthood-onset epilepsy (father). The pregnancy was uneventful up to 20 weeks and 3 days when bilateral periventricular irregularities and mega cisterna magna were identified on ultrasound in a female fetus. Neurosonography was performed, which led to the hypothesis of diffuse PNH, supported by MRI. The hypothesis of PNH associated to the gene was made. Brain MRI on the pregnant woman was requested, which confirmed a similar pattern of PNH. The arrayCGH (PerkinElmer, Prenatal filter 37K) was normal, and whole exome sequencing identified the likely pathogenic c.1554del p.(Val519fs*) variant in the gene. We present a case of X-linked hereditary PNH that highlights the value of fetal neurosonography in making a putative diagnosis. The diagnosis was supported by MRI in both fetus and mother. The investigation was supplemented by genetic studies, which confirmed the diagnosis.
室周结节性异位(PNH)是一种神经元迁移缺陷,其特征是在侧脑室壁附近存在异位灰质结节。PNH的主要遗传病因是位于X染色体上的细丝蛋白A基因(,MIM #300049)中的变异。它主要影响女性(男性胚胎致死),约50%的病例由健康母亲遗传或具有轻度表型。它与癫痫(75%-90%)、心血管疾病(65%)和肺部疾病(25%)有关。一名28岁的初产妇因闭塞性细支气管炎个人病史被转诊至产科进行产前检查。她有哮喘家族史(母亲和姐姐)和成年期癫痫家族史(父亲)。妊娠至20周零3天时,超声检查发现一名女性胎儿双侧室周不规则及大枕大池。进行了神经超声检查,由此提出弥漫性PNH的假设,MRI支持这一假设。提出了与该基因相关的PNH假设。要求对该孕妇进行脑部MRI检查,结果证实了类似的PNH模式。阵列比较基因组杂交(PerkinElmer,产前过滤器37K)正常,全外显子测序在该基因中鉴定出可能致病的c.1554del p.(Val519fs*)变异。我们报告一例X连锁遗传性PNH病例,突出了胎儿神经超声在做出初步诊断中的价值。胎儿和母亲的MRI均支持该诊断。通过基因研究补充了调查,证实了诊断。