Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Social, Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-graduação em produtos naturais e sintéticos bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.
Braz J Biol. 2024 Sep 13;84:e286419. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.286419. eCollection 2024.
Immunosuppressed individuals, including those undergoing cancer treatment, are more vulnerable to fungal infections, such as oral candidiasis, impacting their quality of life. Given the limitations of current therapies, the discovery of new antifungal agents, including those of natural origin, is crucial for the proper managing of these infections. We investigated the phytochemical profile and antifungal activity of both the essential oil and crude ethanolic extract (CEE) obtained from Eugenia luschnathiana against reference strains and clinical isolates of Candida from oncology patients. Toxicological characterization was also conducted. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were used for phytochemical analysis. Antifungal evaluation was conducted to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC); evaluation of potential mechanisms of action; activity on a fungal biofilm; evaluation of the cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes of the HaCat lineage by the MTT method; determination of lethality for Artemia salina larvae. GC-MS identified a predominance of sesquiterpenes in the essential oil, notably (E)-Caryophyllene. The 1H NMR spectrum identified aliphatic, osidic, and aromatic compounds in the crude ethanolic extract. The essential oil showed no antifungal activity. However, the CEE exhibited fungicidal activity, with MIC and MFC ranging from 1.95 µg/mL to 3.90 µg/mL. The antifungal effect was affected by sorbitol, indicating a possible mechanism targeting fungal cell wall structures. At low concentration (19.5 µg/mL), the CEE inhibited 62,78% of C. albicans biofilm. The CEE demonstrated a promising toxicity profile, with an LC50 of 142.4 µg/mL against Artemia salina. In conclusion, the CEE from Eugenia luschnathiana exhibited potent antifungal activity, likely through cell wall disruption, biofilm inhibition, and a favorable toxicity profile for further exploration.
免疫抑制个体，包括接受癌症治疗的患者，更容易感染真菌，如口腔念珠菌病，从而影响其生活质量。鉴于当前治疗方法的局限性，发现新的抗真菌药物，包括天然来源的药物，对于这些感染的适当治疗至关重要。我们研究了从 Eugenia luschnathiana 中获得的精油和粗乙醇提取物（CEE）的植物化学特征和抗真菌活性，以对抗参考菌株和来自肿瘤患者的临床分离的念珠菌。还进行了毒理学特征描述。气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和 1H 核磁共振（NMR）用于植物化学分析。进行抗真菌评估以确定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MFC）；评估潜在的作用机制；对真菌生物膜的活性；MTT 法评估对人角化细胞（HaCat 系）的细胞毒性作用；测定卤虫幼虫的致死率。GC-MS 鉴定出精油中以倍半萜为主，特别是（E）-石竹烯。1H NMR 谱鉴定出粗乙醇提取物中的脂肪族、糖基和芳香族化合物。精油没有抗真菌活性。然而，CEE 表现出杀菌活性，MIC 和 MFC 范围为 1.95 µg/mL 至 3.90 µg/mL。抗真菌作用受山梨糖醇的影响，表明可能作用于真菌细胞壁结构的机制。在低浓度（19.5 µg/mL）时，CEE 抑制 62.78%的 C. albicans 生物膜。CEE 表现出有前景的毒性特征，对卤虫的 LC50 为 142.4 µg/mL。总之，Eugenia luschnathiana 的 CEE 表现出强大的抗真菌活性，可能通过破坏细胞壁、抑制生物膜和具有有利的毒性特征来进一步探索。
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