利用对接、分子动力学和 DFT 研究,探索石榴木中化合物作为伯氏疟原虫潜在抑制剂的计算方法。
Computational exploration of compounds in Xylocarpus granatum as a potential inhibitor of Plasmodium berghei using docking, molecular dynamics, and DFT studies.
机构信息
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; Bioinformatics Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Bioinformatics (INBIO Indonesia), Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
出版信息
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 Nov 12;733:150684. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150684. Epub 2024 Sep 10.
Malaria remains a global health concern, with the emergence of resistance to the antimalarial drug atovaquone through cytochrome b (cyt b) being well-documented. This study was prompted by the presence of this mutation in cyt b to enable new drug candidates capable of overcoming drug resistance. Our objective was to identify potential drug candidates from compounds of Xylocarpus granatum by computationally assessing their interactions with Plasmodium berghei cyt b. Using computational methods, we modeled cyt b (GenBank: AF146076.1), identified the binding cavity, and analyzed the Ramachandran plot against cyt b. Additionally, we conducted drug-likeness and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) studies, along with density functional theory (DFT) analysis of the compounds. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) were used to evaluate the binding energy and stability of the cyt b-ligand complex. Notably, our investigation highlighted kaempferol as a promising compound due to its high binding energy of 7.67 kcal/mol among all X. granatum compounds, coupled with favorable pharmacological properties (ADMET) and antiprotozoal properties at Pa 0.345 > Pi 0.009 (PASS value). DFT analysis showed that kaempferol has an energy gap of 4.514 eV. MDS indicated that all tested ligands caused changes in bonding and affected the structural conformation of cyt b, as observed before MDS (0 ns) and after MDS (100 ns). The most notable differences were observed in the types of hydrogen bonds between 0 and 100 ns. Nevertheles, MDS results from a 100 ns simulation revealed consistent behavior for kaempferol across various parameters including root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), molecular mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA), and hydrogen bonds. The cyt b-kaempferol complex demonstrated favorable energy stability, as supported by the internal energy distribution values observed in principal component analysis (PCA), which closely resembled those of the atovaquone control. Additionally, trajectory stability analysis indicated structural stability, with a cumulative eigenvalue of 24.7 %. Dynamic cross-correlation matrix (DCCM) analysis revealed a positive correlation among catalytic cytochrome residues within the amino acid residues range 119-268. The results of our research indicate that the structure of kaempferol holds promise as a potential candidate against Plasmodium.
疟疾仍然是全球关注的健康问题,青蒿素通过细胞色素 b(cyt b)的抗药性已经得到了充分的证明。这项研究是由 cyt b 中的这种突变引起的,目的是寻找能够克服抗药性的新药候选物。我们的目标是通过计算评估它们与伯氏疟原虫 cyt b 的相互作用,从石榴木属植物的化合物中识别潜在的药物候选物。我们使用计算方法构建了 cyt b(GenBank:AF146076.1)模型,确定了结合腔,并对 cyt b 进行了构象分析。此外,我们还进行了药物相似性和吸收、分布、代谢、排泄和毒性(ADMET)研究,以及密度泛函理论(DFT)分析化合物。分子对接和分子动力学模拟(MDS)用于评估 cyt b-配体复合物的结合能和稳定性。值得注意的是,我们的研究突出了山奈酚作为一种很有前途的化合物,因为它在所有 X.granatum 化合物中具有最高的结合能 7.67 kcal/mol,同时具有良好的药理学性质(ADMET)和在 Pa0.345>Pi0.009(PASS 值)的抗原生动物特性。DFT 分析表明,山奈酚的能隙为 4.514 eV。MDS 表明,所有测试的配体都会导致结合的变化,并影响 cyt b 的结构构象,这在 MDS(0 ns)之前和之后(100 ns)都可以观察到。在 0 到 100 ns 之间,最显著的差异是观察到氢键的类型。然而,来自 100 ns 模拟的 MDS 结果表明,山奈酚在各种参数上表现出一致的行为,包括均方根偏差(RMSD)、均方根波动(RMSF)、回转半径(Rg)、溶剂可及表面积(SASA)、分子力学-泊松-玻尔兹曼表面积(MM-PBSA)和氢键。cyt b-山奈酚复合物表现出有利的能量稳定性,这得到了主成分分析(PCA)中观察到的内部分布值的支持,与阿托伐醌对照物非常相似。此外,轨迹稳定性分析表明结构稳定,累积特征值为 24.7%。动态互相关矩阵(DCCM)分析显示,在 119-268 个氨基酸残基范围内,催化细胞色素残基之间存在正相关。我们的研究结果表明,山奈酚的结构有望成为一种对抗疟原虫的潜在候选药物。