重症监护病房中播散性卡介苗感染的皮肤表现

Dermatological Manifestations of Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Infection in the Intensive Care Unit.

作者信息

Saroléa Quentin, Ziraldo Mathieu, Pothen Lucie, Secco Leo-Paul, Collienne Christine

机构信息

Critical Care Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, BEL.

Dermatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, BEL.

出版信息

Cureus. 2024 Aug 23;16(8):e67586. doi: 10.7759/cureus.67586. eCollection 2024 Aug.

Abstract

We report a case of disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-itis with zosteriform skin eruption, purpura, and livedo racemosa in a 70-year-old critically ill patient who has a history of in situ bladder carcinoma treated with intravesical BCG instillations for the last three years. He presented with fever, fatigue, and a painful lesion on his back, initially diagnosed as herpes zoster. Despite antiviral treatment, he exhibited persistent fever, an inflammatory syndrome, and mild liver enzyme elevation. Initial imaging revealed findings consistent with pneumonia, for which antibiotics were prescribed with no improvement. A subsequent fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET scan identified hypermetabolic lesions in the liver, prompting a biopsy that showed non-caseating granulomas. Skin biopsies from the zosteriform papular eruption on the back and purpura with livedo racemosa on the right foot revealed non-caseating granulomas. Specific Wade Fite staining performed on skin biopsies indicated evidence of mycobacterial infection. Additionally, cultures and Ziehl-Nielsen staining of blood and bone marrow confirmed  infection, establishing the diagnosis of disseminated BCG-itis. Treatment with rifampicin, ethambutol, and moxifloxacin, and a later switch to isoniazid, along with corticosteroids, resolved the skin lesions and improved the patient's condition. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges and the importance of considering disseminated BCG-itis in patients treated with prior intravesical BCG instillations for in situ bladder carcinoma presenting with persistent fever, multi-organ involvement, and diverse skin manifestations including zosteriform papules, purpura, and livedo racemosa.

摘要

我们报告一例70岁危重症患者发生播散性卡介苗(BCG)感染,伴有带状疱疹样皮疹、紫癜和网状青斑。该患者有原位膀胱癌病史,过去三年接受膀胱内卡介苗灌注治疗。他出现发热、疲劳和背部疼痛性病变,最初诊断为带状疱疹。尽管进行了抗病毒治疗,但他仍持续发热、出现炎症综合征且肝酶轻度升高。初始影像学检查发现与肺炎相符的表现,为此给予抗生素治疗但无改善。随后的氟脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET扫描在肝脏中发现代谢亢进病变,促使进行活检,结果显示为非干酪样肉芽肿。对背部带状疱疹样丘疹和右脚紫癜伴网状青斑进行皮肤活检,显示为非干酪样肉芽肿。对皮肤活检进行的特异性韦德菲特染色表明有分枝杆菌感染的证据。此外,血液和骨髓培养及萋-尼染色证实了感染,从而确立了播散性BCG感染的诊断。用利福平、乙胺丁醇和莫西沙星治疗,随后改用异烟肼,并联合使用皮质类固醇,使皮肤病变消退,患者病情好转。该病例强调了诊断挑战,以及对于接受过膀胱内卡介苗灌注治疗原位膀胱癌的患者,在出现持续发热、多器官受累和包括带状疱疹样丘疹、紫癜和网状青斑等多种皮肤表现时,考虑播散性BCG感染的重要性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89da/11416745/f1f443d7b38b/cureus-0016-00000067586-i01.jpg

文献AI研究员

20分钟写一篇综述,助力文献阅读效率提升50倍

立即体验

用中文搜PubMed

大模型驱动的PubMed中文搜索引擎

马上搜索