Gaviano Luca, Pili Roberto, Petretto Andrea Domenico, Berti Roberta, Carrogu Gian Pietro, Pinna Martina, Petretto Donatella Rita
Department of Pedagogy Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
Worldwide Community of Longevity, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Geriatrics (Basel). 2024 Aug 23;9(5):107. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics9050107.
In the last decades, the scientific interest in ageing has increased due to the progressive ageing of the global population and due to the importance of guaranteeing the elder people and the next generations a good quality of life and biopsychological well-being. However, nowadays, there is not a common and accepted definition of ageing. This situation may refer to the complexity and relevance of the ageing topic and it means that the concept of ageing needs to be understood in a deeper way as a multidimensional and complex process that includes different elements distinctive. The main goal of this review is to explore the definitions and conceptual models of ageing according to a psychological point of view, through a biopsychosocial approach, that integrates biological, psychological, and social aspects with the main goal of a better understanding of the complexity of the process itself.
We conducted a review of the literature through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases, and we followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, analysing papers written in English between 2002 and 2023.
The review showed different conceptual models of ageing, including Rowe and Kahn's successful ageing model, the World Health Organization's models, and others like the "Selection, Optimization and Compensation" Model. Also, the determinants and predictors of ageing have been analysed highlighting the individual variability and the multidimensional nature of ageing. The geographic diversity of the included studies allowed for the analysis of cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental differences in the conceptualisation of ageing.
The results emphasise the importance of targeted interventions and programs aimed at promoting well-being during ageing, considering the complexity and multidimensionality of the ageing process.
在过去几十年里，由于全球人口的逐步老龄化，以及保障老年人和下一代良好生活质量和生物心理幸福感的重要性，科学界对衰老的兴趣与日俱增。然而，如今对于衰老并没有一个普遍接受的定义。这种情况可能归因于衰老主题的复杂性和相关性，这意味着需要更深入地将衰老概念理解为一个多维且复杂的过程，该过程包含不同的独特要素。本综述的主要目标是通过生物心理社会方法，从心理学角度探索衰老的定义和概念模型，这种方法将生物、心理和社会方面整合在一起，主要目的是更好地理解衰老过程本身的复杂性。
我们通过PubMed、Scopus、科学网和谷歌学术数据库对文献进行了综述，并遵循PRISMA-ScR指南，分析了2002年至2023年间用英文撰写的论文。
该综述展示了不同的衰老概念模型，包括罗和卡恩的成功衰老模型、世界卫生组织的模型，以及其他如“选择、优化与补偿”模型等。此外，还分析了衰老的决定因素和预测因素，突出了衰老的个体差异和多维性质。纳入研究的地理多样性使得能够分析衰老概念化过程中的文化、社会经济和环境差异。
结果强调了针对性干预措施和项目对于促进衰老过程中幸福感的重要性，同时要考虑到衰老过程的复杂性和多维性。
