Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Örebro University Hospital, Region Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.
BMC Emerg Med. 2024 Sep 23;24(1):171. doi: 10.1186/s12873-024-01083-x.
Disaster responders are an important part of disaster response. However, despite large efforts to train disaster responders, there is a limited scientific knowledge regarding which competences and skills such responders value and lack during a real mission. The aim of this study was to investigate used and needed skills among disaster responders responding to the earthquake in Türkiye and Syria 2023 METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a non-randomized sample was conducted, collected between March and July, 2023. The participants were recruited through invitations distributed to international organizations, and the data were gathered through a web-based survey. The data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics.
A total of 525 participants involved in the disaster response in Türkiye or Syria in February 2023 were included. The most common valued skills were teamwork skills (n = 252, 59%), technical knowledge (n = 204, 48%), leadership skills (n = 105, 24%) and communication skills (n = 114, 17%). Women valued stress management (n = 33, 26%) more than leadership (n = 24, 19%) Technical knowledges were more valued among first-time responders (n = 168, 82%) compared to experienced responders (n = 108, 54%, p-value < 0.001). The most reported lacked skills were mental preparedness (n = 237, 53%), knowledge of the management system of international response (n = 132, 30%), stress management (n = 105, 24%) and leadership (n = 102, 23%).
The results showed slightly different needs in the various phases of a response, as well as some differences between men and women. Improving mental preparedness was not one of the most highly valued skills, but it was one of the skills that was most lacking; this discrepancy is an interesting finding. More in-depth analysis and additional studies are needed to further understand how best to prepare disaster responders and how their training can include the desirable skills. Further studies should be focused on the experience and knowledge of qualified disaster responders. This knowledge could also be of use when recruiting since several of the non-technical skills are not only gained solely through specific training.
灾难响应人员是灾难响应的重要组成部分。然而，尽管付出了大量努力来培训灾难响应人员，但对于他们在实际任务中重视和缺乏哪些能力和技能，科学知识仍然有限。本研究的目的是调查 2023 年在土耳其和叙利亚地震中响应的灾难响应人员使用和需要的技能。
这是一项使用非随机样本的横断面研究，于 2023 年 3 月至 7 月间进行。参与者通过向国际组织分发的邀请招募，通过网络调查收集数据。使用描述性和比较性统计数据对数据进行分析。
共纳入 525 名 2023 年 2 月在土耳其或叙利亚参与灾难响应的人员。最受重视的技能是团队合作技能（n=252，59%）、技术知识（n=204，48%）、领导能力（n=105，24%）和沟通技巧（n=114，17%）。女性比男性更重视压力管理（n=33，26%）而不是领导能力（n=24，19%）。首次响应者（n=168，82%）比经验丰富的响应者（n=108，54%）更重视技术知识（p值<0.001）。报告最欠缺的技能是心理准备（n=237，53%）、国际响应管理系统知识（n=132，30%）、压力管理（n=105，24%）和领导力（n=102，23%）。
结果表明，在响应的不同阶段存在略有不同的需求，以及男女之间的一些差异。提高心理准备并不是最受重视的技能之一，但却是最欠缺的技能之一；这种差异是一个有趣的发现。需要进一步深入分析和更多研究，以进一步了解如何最好地培训灾难响应人员，以及如何在他们的培训中纳入所需技能。进一步的研究应侧重于合格灾难响应人员的经验和知识。这些知识在招募时也可能有用，因为许多非技术技能不仅可以通过特定培训获得。
