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DNA 甲基化分析鉴定 TBKBP1 为 CMV 特异性人 CD8+T 细胞细胞毒性活性的强效放大器。

DNA methylation profiling identifies TBKBP1 as potent amplifier of cytotoxic activity in CMV-specific human CD8+ T cells.

机构信息

Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.

Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.

出版信息

PLoS Pathog. 2024 Sep 26;20(9):e1012581. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012581. eCollection 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Epigenetic mechanisms stabilize gene expression patterns during CD8+ T cell differentiation. Although adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells is clinically applied to reduce the risk of virus infection or reactivation in immunocompromised individuals, the DNA methylation pattern of virus-specific CD8+ T cells is largely unknown. Hence, we here performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of cytomegalovirus-specific human CD8+ T cells and found that they display a unique DNA methylation pattern consisting of 79 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) when compared to memory CD8+ T cells. Among the top demethylated DMRs in cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T cells was TBKBP1, coding for TBK-binding protein 1 that can interact with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and mediate pro-inflammatory responses in innate immune cells downstream of intracellular virus sensing. Since TBKBP1 has not yet been reported in T cells, we aimed to unravel its role in virus-specific CD8+ T cells. TBKBP1 demethylation in terminal effector CD8+ T cells correlated with higher TBKBP1 expression at both mRNA and protein level, independent of alternative splicing of TBKBP1 transcripts. Notably, the distinct DNA methylation patterns in CD8+ T cell subsets was stable upon long-term in vitro culture. TBKBP1 overexpression resulted in enhanced TBK1 phosphorylation upon stimulation of CD8+ T cells and significantly improved their virus neutralization capacity. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TBKBP1 modulates virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and could be exploited as therapeutic target to improve adoptive T cell therapies.

摘要

表观遗传机制在 CD8+T 细胞分化过程中稳定基因表达模式。虽然过继转移病毒特异性 T 细胞已被临床应用于降低免疫功能低下个体感染或病毒重新激活的风险,但病毒特异性 CD8+T 细胞的 DNA 甲基化模式在很大程度上仍是未知的。因此,我们对巨细胞病毒特异性人 CD8+T 细胞进行了全基因组亚硫酸氢盐测序,发现与记忆 CD8+T 细胞相比,它们表现出独特的 DNA 甲基化模式,包括 79 个差异甲基化区域(DMR)。在巨细胞病毒特异性 CD8+T 细胞中,脱甲基化程度最高的 DMR 之一是 TBKBP1,它编码 TBK 结合蛋白 1,可与 TANK 结合激酶 1(TBK1)相互作用,并在细胞内病毒感应后下游固有免疫细胞中介导促炎反应。由于 TBKBP1 在 T 细胞中尚未被报道,我们旨在揭示其在病毒特异性 CD8+T 细胞中的作用。终末效应 CD8+T 细胞中的 TBKBP1 去甲基化与 TBKBP1 在 mRNA 和蛋白水平上的表达增加相关,与 TBKBP1 转录物的选择性剪接无关。值得注意的是,CD8+T 细胞亚群中的独特 DNA 甲基化模式在长期体外培养中是稳定的。TBKBP1 过表达可增强 CD8+T 细胞刺激后的 TBK1 磷酸化,并显著提高其病毒中和能力。总之,我们的数据表明 TBKBP1 调节病毒特异性 CD8+T 细胞反应,可作为治疗靶点,以改善过继性 T 细胞疗法。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1e5f/11460711/141bfdf3f954/ppat.1012581.g001.jpg

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