Khayyat Yasir M
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah 8156-24381, Saudi Arabia.
World J Clin Cases. 2024 Sep 26;12(27):6007-6010. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i27.6007.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) can be attributed to either non-variceal or variceal causes. The latter is more aggressive with hemodynamic instability secondary to decompensated cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Non-variceal UGIB (NVUGIB) occurs due to impaired gastroprotective mechanisms attributed to several drugs such as anticoagulants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. infection contributes to the development of peptic ulcer bleeding as well. NVUGIB presentation can be either hemodynamically stable or unstable. During the initial assessment a scoring system including patient-related factors (current cardiac, renal, and liver diseases and hemodynamic and laboratory parameters) is used to determine the patient's prognosis. The Glasgow Blatchford score has been shown to be the most useful and precise. Those with high-risk NVUGIB require urgent assessment and upper endoscopy to achieve better short-term and long-term outcomes such as less hospitalization, blood transfusion, and surgery.
上消化道出血（UGIB）可归因于非静脉曲张或静脉曲张病因。后者在失代偿性肝硬化和门静脉高压继发血流动力学不稳定时更为凶险。非静脉曲张性上消化道出血（NVUGIB）是由于多种药物（如抗凝剂和非甾体抗炎药）导致胃保护机制受损所致。感染也会促使消化性溃疡出血的发生。NVUGIB的表现可以是血流动力学稳定或不稳定。在初始评估期间，使用包括患者相关因素（当前的心脏、肾脏和肝脏疾病以及血流动力学和实验室参数）的评分系统来确定患者的预后。格拉斯哥布拉奇福德评分已被证明是最有用和精确的。高危NVUGIB患者需要紧急评估和上消化道内镜检查，以获得更好的短期和长期结果，如减少住院、输血和手术。
