Valdes Viviane, Craighead Linda W, Nelson Charles A, Enlow Michelle Bosquet
Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Brookline, MA, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2025 Jan;53(1):85-99. doi: 10.1007/s10802-024-01250-5. Epub 2024 Sep 27.
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent of all mental health disorders, often originating in early childhood and extending into later childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Determining salient risk factors that precede their development is important for prevention and intervention efforts. Towards this end, we examined the role of temperament, theory of mind, inhibitory control, and prosocial behavior on child anxiety symptoms in the first 5 years of life. A community sample of children and their parents (N = 399) enrolled in a longitudinal study of emotion processing were assessed when the children were infants and at ages 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years. Linear mixed models and linear regression models revealed that greater anxiety at 5 years was associated with greater negative affectivity and behavioral inhibition, lower effortful control, lower theory of mind scores on the "desires" domain, and higher scores on the "intentions" domain (assessed from infancy to 3 years of age). These characteristics may be useful to assess in clinical settings to evaluate a patient's risk for developing anxiety. They may also be useful in developing interventions targeting specific vulnerabilities.
焦虑症是所有心理健康障碍中最普遍的疾病之一，通常始于幼儿期，并延续至童年后期、青春期和成年期。确定其发病前的显著风险因素对于预防和干预工作至关重要。为此，我们研究了气质、心理理论、抑制控制和亲社会行为在儿童生命最初5年焦虑症状中的作用。对参与情绪加工纵向研究的儿童及其父母的社区样本（N = 399）在儿童为婴儿期、2岁、3岁和5岁时进行了评估。线性混合模型和线性回归模型显示，5岁时更高的焦虑与更强的消极情感性和行为抑制、更低的努力控制、“愿望”领域更低的心理理论得分以及“意图”领域更高的得分相关（从婴儿期到3岁进行评估）。这些特征在临床环境中评估患者发生焦虑的风险可能有用。它们在制定针对特定脆弱性的干预措施中也可能有用。
