Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Parana, Brazil; Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981, University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada.
Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981, University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada.
J Dent. 2024 Nov;150:105375. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105375. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
This study was designed to show that the commonly reported irradiance values that are quoted in most publications inadequately describe the light output from light curing units (LCUs).
The total spectral radiant power (mW) output from 12 contemporary LCUs was measured with a fiberoptic spectroradiometer and a calibrated integrating sphere. Five recordings were taken for each LCU and exposure mode. In addition, the irradiances (mW/cm²) delivered at 0-mm, 5-mm and 10-mm distances were recorded through a 6-mm diameter aperture and the radiant exposures (J/cm²) from the LCUs were calculated. Light beam profiles from the LCUs were recorded using a beam profiler, and the images were overlaid on a molar tooth to simulate a clinical setting. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test (α = 0.05).
The mean power outputs from the LCUs ranged from 380 to 2472 mW (p < 0.0001). The highest irradiance was recorded from the Cicada CV 215-G7 (3091 mW/cm² in its highest mode) and the lowest from the Radii Cal CX (731 mW/cm²). The emission spectra differed, even among the multi-peak and single-peak LCUs. Radiant exposures from the entire light tip ranged from 18.3 J/cm², Radii Cal CX, in its standard 25 s exposure mode to 3.9 J/cm² from the Monet Laser in a 3 s exposure setting. Half (50 %) of the measured irradiance values from the LCUs differed from the manufacturers' value by more than 10 %. There were significant differences in the impact of distance from the tip. The beam profiles visually highlighted the varying effects of distance from the LCU tip among different units.
There were significant differences in the emission spectra, power outputs, tip diameters, irradiances, radiant exposures, and the effect distance from the light tips. These differences underline the importance of manufacturers and researchers correctly measuring and reporting the output from the LCU to ensure that research is reproducible and that patients receive acceptable dental restorations.
This article alerts clinicians, researchers and journal editors that providing only the tip irradiance (radiant exitance) value from the LCU is no longer sufficient. Manufacturers and researchers should include information on the spectral radiant power, emission spectrum, tip diameters, and also the effect of distance on the irradiance and radiant exposure, beam profiles and tooth access information when describing an LCU.
本研究旨在表明，大多数出版物中普遍报道的辐照度值不能充分描述光固化机（LCU）的光输出。
使用光纤光谱辐射计和校准积分球测量 12 台当代 LCU 的总光谱辐射功率（mW）。对每种 LCU 和曝光模式进行 5 次记录。此外，通过 6mm 直径的孔径记录 0mm、5mm 和 10mm 距离处的辐照度（mW/cm²），并计算 LCU 的辐射暴露量（J/cm²）。使用光束轮廓仪记录 LCU 的光束轮廓，并将图像叠加在磨牙上以模拟临床环境。使用方差分析（ANOVA）和 Tukey 事后检验（α=0.05）对数据进行分析。
LCU 的平均功率输出范围为 380 至 2472 mW（p<0.0001）。最高辐照度记录来自 Cicada CV 215-G7（最高模式下为 3091 mW/cm²），最低辐照度记录来自 Radii Cal CX（731 mW/cm²）。即使在多峰和单峰 LCU 之间，发射光谱也有所不同。来自整个光尖的辐射暴露量范围从 Radii Cal CX 的标准 25 秒曝光模式的 18.3 J/cm²到 Monet Laser 在 3 秒曝光设置下的 3.9 J/cm²。有一半（50%）的 LCU 辐照度值与制造商的值相差超过 10%。从尖端的距离有明显的差异。光束轮廓直观地突出了不同单位之间从 LCU 尖端的不同距离的影响。
发射光谱、功率输出、尖端直径、辐照度、辐射暴露量和光尖的影响距离存在显著差异。这些差异强调了制造商和研究人员正确测量和报告 LCU 输出的重要性，以确保研究具有可重复性，并且患者接受可接受的牙科修复体。
本文提醒临床医生、研究人员和期刊编辑，仅提供 LCU 的尖端辐照度（辐射出射度）值已不再足够。制造商和研究人员在描述 LCU 时，应包括光谱辐射功率、发射光谱、尖端直径以及距离对辐照度和辐射暴露量、光束轮廓和牙齿进入信息的影响的信息。
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