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采用钨极惰性气体保护焊和激光焊接技术增材制造的AISI 316L的微观结构与硬度特性

Microstructure and Hardness Properties of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Welded by Tungsten Inert Gas and Laser Welding Techniques.

作者信息

Elsayed Mohamed, Khedr Mahmoud, Järvenpää Antti, Gaafer A M, Hamada Atef

机构信息

Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo 11629, Egypt.

Future Manufacturing Technologies (FMT), Kerttu Saalasti Institute, University of Oulu, Pajatie 5, FI-85500 Nivala, Finland.

出版信息

Materials (Basel). 2024 Sep 12;17(18):4489. doi: 10.3390/ma17184489.

DOI:10.3390/ma17184489
PMID:39336229
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11433572/
Abstract

In this study, 316L austenitic stainless-steel (ASS) plates fabricated using an additive manufacturing (AM) process were joined using tungsten inert gas (TIG) and laser welding techniques. The 316L ASS plates were manufactured using a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique, with building orientations (BOs) of 0° and 90°, designated as BO-0 and BO-90, respectively. The study examined the relationship between indentation resistance and microstructure evolution within the fusion zone (FZ) of the welded joints considering the effects of different BOs. Microstructural analysis of the weldments was conducted using optical and laser confocal scanning microscopes, while hardness measurements were obtained using a micro-indentation hardness (H) technique via the Berkovich approach. The welded joints produced with the TIG technique exhibited FZs with a greater width than those created by laser welding. The microstructure of the FZs in TIG-welded joints was characterized by dendritic austenite and 1-4 wt.% δ-ferrite phases, while the corresponding microstructure in laser-welded joints consisted of a single austenite phase with cellular structures. Additionally, the grain size values of FZs produced using the laser welding technique were lower than those produced using the TIG technique. Therefore, TIG-welded joints showcased hardness values lower than those welded by laser welding. Furthermore, welded joints with the BO-90 orientation displayed the greatest cooling rates following welding processing, leading to FZs with hardness values greater than BO-0. For instance, the FZs of TIG-welded joints with BO-0 and BO-90 had H values of 1.75 ± 0.22 and 2.1 ± 0.09 GPa, whereas the corresponding FZs produced by laser welding had values of 1.9 ± 0.16 and 2.35 ± 0.11 GPa, respectively. The results have practical implications for the design and production of high-performance welded components, providing insights that can be applied to improve the efficiency and quality of additive manufacturing and welding processes.

摘要

在本研究中，使用增材制造（AM）工艺制造的316L奥氏体不锈钢（ASS）板材采用钨极惰性气体保护焊（TIG）和激光焊接技术进行连接。316L ASS板材采用激光粉末床熔融（LPBF）技术制造，其构建方向（BO）为0°和90°，分别指定为BO - 0和BO - 90。该研究考虑了不同构建方向的影响，研究了焊接接头熔合区（FZ）内的抗压痕性与微观结构演变之间的关系。使用光学显微镜和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对焊件进行微观结构分析，同时通过Berkovich方法使用微压痕硬度（H）技术获得硬度测量值。TIG技术焊接的接头产生的熔合区宽度比激光焊接产生的熔合区宽度更大。TIG焊接接头熔合区的微观结构特征为树枝状奥氏体和1 - 4 wt.%的δ-铁素体相，而激光焊接接头的相应微观结构由具有胞状结构的单一奥氏体相组成。此外，激光焊接技术产生的熔合区晶粒尺寸值低于TIG技术产生的熔合区晶粒尺寸值。因此，TIG焊接接头的硬度值低于激光焊接接头的硬度值。此外，具有BO - 90方向的焊接接头在焊接加工后显示出最大冷却速率，导致熔合区硬度值高于BO - 0。例如，BO - 0和BO - 90的TIG焊接接头熔合区的H值分别为1.75±0.22和2.1±0.09 GPa，而激光焊接产生的相应熔合区的值分别为1.9±0.16和2.35±0.11 GPa。这些结果对高性能焊接部件的设计和生产具有实际意义，为提高增材制造和焊接工艺的效率和质量提供了可应用的见解。

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