Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Neonatology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Rural Remote Health. 2024 Sep;24(3):8587. doi: 10.22605/RRH8587. Epub 2024 Sep 29.
Iodine is an essential mineral for fetal growth and brain development. The aim of this research was to evaluate goiter, iodine deficiency and intrauterine growth restriction in pregnant women of minority ethnic groups in Colombia.
A cross-sectional study was performed in six non-metropolitan areas of Colombia.
A total of 318 Indigenous and Afro-descendant pregnant women were invited to participate: 248 (83.2%) Indigenous and 50 (16.8%) Afro-descendants were studied. The mean age was 24 years (range 13-44 years). Of the women, 130 (43.5%) were from the department of Cauca, 72 (24.1%) were from Córdoba, 28 (9.4%) were from Guajira, 26 (8.8%) were from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 22 (7.4%) were from Amazonas, 16 (5.4%) were from Meta and 4 (1.3%) were from the department of Cesar. A total of 244 (81.8%) were illiterate and 291 (97.7%) were of very low socioeconomic level. Goiter was observed in 69 (23.3%) pregnant women (38 (41.7%) from the department of Cauca, 10 (35.7%) from Guajira, 5 (31.2%) from Meta, 6 (27.2%) from Amazonas and 10 (13.8%) from Córdoba). Iodine deficiency (<100 µg/L) was observed in 42 (14.9%) pregnant women (16 (11.6%) mild (50-99 µg/L), 19 (13.8%) moderate (20-49 µg/L) and 7 (5.1%) severe (<20 µg/L)). Being literate was a protective factor for iodine deficiency (odds ratio (OR)=0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.84, p=0.016). Being illiterate and iodine deficient was only a risk factor for goiter (OR=6.72, 95%CI 3.9-9.5, p=0.038) in the department of Cauca.
A high prevalence of goiter, iodine deficiency and intrauterine growth restriction was observed in minority ethnic groups of Colombia. The highest prevalence and risk was observed in the department of Cauca.
碘是胎儿生长和大脑发育所必需的微量元素。本研究旨在评估哥伦比亚少数民族孕妇的甲状腺肿、碘缺乏和宫内生长受限。
在哥伦比亚的六个非都市地区进行了一项横断面研究。
共邀请了 318 名土著和非裔哥伦比亚孕妇参加：248 名（83.2%）为土著，50 名（16.8%）为非裔。平均年龄为 24 岁（范围 13-44 岁）。其中 130 名（43.5%）来自考卡省，72 名（24.1%）来自科尔多瓦省，28 名（9.4%）来自瓜希拉省，26 名（8.8%）来自内华达山脉的圣玛尔塔，22 名（7.4%）来自亚马逊省，16 名（5.4%）来自梅塔省，4 名（1.3%）来自塞萨尔省。共有 244 名（81.8%）为文盲，291 名（97.7%）来自极低社会经济水平地区。共有 69 名（23.3%）孕妇患有甲状腺肿（考卡省 38 名（41.7%），瓜希拉省 10 名（35.7%），梅塔省 5 名（31.2%），亚马逊省 6 名（27.2%），科尔多瓦省 10 名（13.8%））。42 名（14.9%）孕妇碘缺乏（<100μg/L）（16 名（11.6%）轻度（50-99μg/L），19 名（13.8%）中度（20-49μg/L），7 名（5.1%）重度（<20μg/L））。文化程度是碘缺乏的保护因素（比值比（OR）=0.19，95%置信区间（CI）0.04-0.84，p=0.016）。在考卡省，文盲和碘缺乏症仅是非裔哥伦比亚孕妇甲状腺肿（OR=6.72，95%CI 3.9-9.5，p=0.038）的危险因素。
哥伦比亚少数民族中存在较高的甲状腺肿、碘缺乏和宫内生长受限发生率。考卡省的患病率和风险最高。
