Woldegerima Selam, Fritsma Teri, Henning-Smith Carrie, Rosenberg Mark, Olson Andrew P J
Medical Education Outcomes Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
J Rural Health. 2025 Mar;41(2):e12883. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12883. Epub 2024 Sep 29.
To understand gender differences in factors affecting rural health care workforce to inform the development of effective policies and recruitment strategies to address rural health care workforce shortages.
A cross-sectional survey of health care professionals (including Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), physicians, physician assistants (PAs), and registered nurses (RNs)) in Minnesota was administered by the Minnesota Department of Health from October 18, 2021, to July 25, 2022, during their professional license renewal. The main outcome was whether or not the respondent was practicing in a rural area. The effects of factors associated with rural practice were estimated using binary logistic regression models, and subsequently subgroup analysis was conducted by gender across the four health care professions.
Results show that although there were significant gender differences in some factors (growing up in a rural area and family considerations were more likely to influence women's decisions than men's, whereas men were more likely to be influenced by the prospect of having autonomy and broad scope of practice than women), these differences became insignificant when the four health care professionals were analyzed separately suggesting that overall gender differences observed were almost entirely explained by profession differences.
Gender differences do not significantly influence the factors impacting rural practice. However, being raised in a rural environment emerges as the most influential predictor of rural practice underscoring the importance of involving rural residents of all genders in health care practice.
了解影响农村医疗保健劳动力的因素中的性别差异，为制定有效的政策和招聘策略提供信息，以解决农村医疗保健劳动力短缺问题。
明尼苏达州卫生部于2021年10月18日至2022年7月25日对明尼苏达州的医疗保健专业人员（包括高级执业注册护士（APRN）、医生、医师助理（PA）和注册护士（RN））进行了一项横断面调查，调查在他们专业执照续期期间进行。主要结果是受访者是否在农村地区执业。使用二元逻辑回归模型估计与农村执业相关因素的影响，随后按性别对四个医疗保健专业进行亚组分析。
结果表明，尽管在某些因素上存在显著的性别差异（在农村地区长大和家庭因素对女性决策的影响比对男性的影响更大，而男性比女性更有可能受到拥有自主权和广泛执业范围前景的影响），但当分别分析这四个医疗保健专业人员时，这些差异变得不显著，这表明观察到的总体性别差异几乎完全由专业差异所解释。
性别差异对影响农村执业的因素没有显著影响。然而，在农村环境中长大是农村执业最具影响力的预测因素，这凸显了让所有性别的农村居民参与医疗保健执业的重要性。
