Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Environ Int. 2024 Oct;192:109041. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109041. Epub 2024 Sep 28.
Studies have shown that abnormal temperature at night is a risk factor for respiratory health. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of hot and cold nights on cause-specific diseases such as pneumonia, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children.
We collected daily data on pneumonia hospitalisations in children under five years from 2011 to 2017 in three low-, middle- and high-income countries (Bangladesh, China, and Australia). The intensity of hot and cold nights was measured by excess temperature. A space-time-stratified case-crossover analysis was used to estimate the association between hot and cold nights and childhood pneumonia hospitalisations. We further estimated the fraction of childhood pneumonia hospitalisations attributable to hot and cold nights.
Both hot and cold nights were associated with an increased risk of hospitalisations for childhood pneumonia in low-, middle-, and high-income countries, with a greater disease burden from hot nights. Specifically, the fraction of childhood pneumonia attributable to hot nights was the largest in Australia [21.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.8%-28.1%], followed by Bangladesh (15.2%, 95% CI: 4.1%-23.8%) and China (2.7%, 95% CI: 0.4%-4.7%). Additionally, the fraction of childhood pneumonia attributable to cold nights was 1.3% (95% CI: 0.4%-2.0%) in Bangladesh and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.7%) in China.
This multi-country study suggests that hot and cold nights are not only associated with a higher risk of pneumonia hospitalisations in children but also responsible for substantial fraction of hospitalisations, with a greater impact from hot nights.
研究表明，夜间温度异常是呼吸健康的一个风险因素。然而，关于炎热和寒冷夜晚对特定病因疾病（如肺炎）的影响，证据有限，而肺炎是导致儿童发病率和死亡率的主要原因。
我们收集了 2011 年至 2017 年期间三个中低收入国家（孟加拉国、中国和澳大利亚）五岁以下儿童因肺炎住院的每日数据。通过过热温度来衡量炎热和寒冷夜晚的强度。采用时空分层病例交叉分析来估计炎热和寒冷夜晚与儿童肺炎住院之间的关联。我们进一步估计了炎热和寒冷夜晚导致儿童肺炎住院的比例。
在中低收入国家，炎热和寒冷夜晚都与儿童肺炎住院风险增加有关，炎热夜晚对疾病的负担更大。具体来说，澳大利亚（21.2%，95%置信区间[CI]：11.8%-28.1%）、孟加拉国（15.2%，95% CI：4.1%-23.8%）和中国（2.7%，95% CI：0.4%-4.7%）的儿童肺炎归因于炎热夜晚的比例最大。此外，孟加拉国归因于寒冷夜晚的儿童肺炎比例为 1.3%（95% CI：0.4%-2.0%），中国为 0.4%（95% CI：0.1%-0.7%）。
这项多国家研究表明，炎热和寒冷夜晚不仅与儿童肺炎住院风险增加有关，而且还导致了大量的住院，炎热夜晚的影响更大。
