Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 21023, Jiangsu, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 5;14(1):23158. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73635-x.
Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential and pervasive contaminant in agricultural soil, eventually affecting the food and instigating health issues. The implication of nanocomposites in agriculture attained significant attention to drive food security. Nanocomposites possess exceptional characteristics to stun the challenges of chemical fertilizers that can enhance plant yield and better nutrient bioavailability. Similarly, biochar has the ability to immobilize Cd in soil by reducing mobility and bioavailability. Rice husk biochar is produced at high temperature pyrolysis under anoxic conditions and a stable carbon-rich material is formed. To strive against this issue, rice plants were subjected to Cd (15, 20 mg kg) stress and treated with alone/combined Ca + Mg (25 mg L) nanocomposite and rice husk biochar. In our study, growth and yield traits showed the nurturing influence of Ca + Mg nanocomposite and biochar to improve rice defence mechanism by reducing Cd stress. Growth parameters root length 28%, shoot length 34%, root fresh weight 19%, shoot fresh weight 16%, root dry weight 9%, shoot dry weight 8%, number of tillers 32%, number of grains 20%, and spike length 17% were improved with combined application of Ca + Mg and biochar, with Cd (20 mg kg), rivalled to alone biochar. Combined Ca + Mg and biochar application increased the SPAD 23%, total chlorophyll 26%, a 19%, b 18%, and carotenoids 15%, with Cd (20 mg kg), rivalled to alone biochar. MDA 15%, HO 13%, and EL 10% were significantly regulated in shoots with combined Ca + Mg and biochar application with Cd (20 mg kg) compared to alone biochar. POD 22%, SOD 17%, APX 18%, and CAT 9% were increased in shoots with combined Ca + Mg and biochar application with Cd (20 mg kg) compared to alone biochar. Cd uptake in roots 13%, shoots 14%, and grains 21% were minimized under Cd (20 mg kg) with combined Ca + Mg and B. pumilus application, compared to alone biochar. Subsequently, combined Ca + Mg and biochar application is a sustainable solution to boost crop production under Cd stress.
镉（Cd）是农业土壤中一种非必需且普遍存在的污染物，最终会影响食物并引发健康问题。纳米复合材料在农业中的应用引起了人们的极大关注，以推动粮食安全。纳米复合材料具有特殊的特性，可以应对化肥带来的挑战，从而提高植物产量和更好的养分生物利用度。同样，生物炭能够通过降低移动性和生物利用度来固定土壤中的镉。稻壳生物炭是在缺氧条件下高温热解产生的，形成了一种稳定的富碳物质。为了解决这个问题，将水稻植株置于 Cd（15、20mgkg）胁迫下，并单独/联合处理 Ca+Mg（25mgL）纳米复合材料和稻壳生物炭。在我们的研究中，生长和产量性状表明，Ca+Mg 纳米复合材料和生物炭的培育影响通过降低 Cd 胁迫来提高水稻的防御机制。生长参数根长 28%，茎长 34%，根鲜重 19%，茎鲜重 16%，根干重 9%，茎干重 8%，分蘖数 32%，粒数 20%，穗长 17%，与单独使用生物炭相比，与 Cd（20mgkg）相比，同时施加 Ca+Mg 和生物炭提高了这些参数。与单独使用生物炭相比，同时施加 Ca+Mg 和生物炭使 SPAD 增加 23%，总叶绿素增加 26%，a 增加 19%，b 增加 18%，类胡萝卜素增加 15%，与 Cd（20mgkg）相比，与单独使用生物炭相比。与单独使用生物炭相比，同时施加 Ca+Mg 和生物炭使叶片 MDA 降低 15%，HO 降低 13%，EL 降低 10%。与单独使用生物炭相比，叶片 POD 增加 22%，SOD 增加 17%，APX 增加 18%，CAT 增加 9%。与单独使用生物炭相比，在 Cd（20mgkg）胁迫下，同时施加 Ca+Mg 和 B.pumilus 可以使根系中 Cd 的吸收减少 13%，茎中 Cd 的吸收减少 14%，籽粒中 Cd 的吸收减少 21%。因此，同时施加 Ca+Mg 和生物炭是一种在 Cd 胁迫下提高作物产量的可持续解决方案。
