Chai Yanchao, Wang Haiqing, Lv Mengru, Yang Jiaxin
Marine Science and Engineering College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
Ecotoxicology. 2025 Jan;34(1):52-60. doi: 10.1007/s10646-024-02809-0. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
The toxic additives that leach from tire wear particles (TWPs) cause mass die-offs in fish and impact zooplankton as secondary consumers in the aquatic food web. In addition to the direct impacts of TWP leachate on a single generation, there may be potential delayed carryover effects across multiple generations from parental exposure, which may amplify the adverse effects of the leachate on individual reproduction and, consequently, on the entire population. In this study, the single, multiple, and transgenerational effects of TWP leachate at various concentrations on the reproduction and lifespan of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus were investigated. The results indicated that the lifespan and reproductive output of rotifers exposed to TWP leachate (0-1500 mg/L) decreased as the concentration increased above 250 mg/L. There was a clear multigenerational effect of TWP leachate on rotifer reproduction. The inhibition rates were consistently greater at 500 mg/L than at 250 mg/L leachate. Although the reproduction of rotifers exposed to 250 mg/L TWP leachate increased in the first two generations (P and F1), it was inhibited in subsequent generations. The inhibitory effect of 500 mg/L TWP leachate persisted across all generations, leading to population extinction by the F4 generation. A significant transgenerational effect of TWP leachate was found on reproduction. The adverse impact of exposure to 250 mg/L leachate for fewer than three generations could be reversed when offspring were transferred to clean media. However, this recovery was not observed after continuous exposure for more than four generations. Exposure to high-dose TWP leachate also caused irreversible damage to reproduction. Therefore, TWP leachate can result in cascading toxicity on zooplankton populations through carryover and cumulative effects on reproduction.
从轮胎磨损颗粒（TWPs）中渗出的有毒添加剂会导致鱼类大量死亡，并影响作为水生食物网中级消费者的浮游动物。除了TWP渗滤液对单一世代的直接影响外，亲代暴露可能会在多代产生潜在的延迟遗留效应，这可能会放大渗滤液对个体繁殖的不利影响，进而影响整个种群。在本研究中，研究了不同浓度的TWP渗滤液对萼花臂尾轮虫繁殖和寿命的单一、多重和跨代效应。结果表明，当浓度高于250mg/L时，暴露于TWP渗滤液（0-1500mg/L）中的轮虫寿命和繁殖产量随浓度增加而降低。TWP渗滤液对轮虫繁殖有明显的多代效应。500mg/L渗滤液的抑制率始终高于250mg/L渗滤液。虽然暴露于250mg/L TWP渗滤液中的轮虫在前两代（P和F1）繁殖增加，但在后续世代中受到抑制。500mg/L TWP渗滤液的抑制作用在所有世代中持续存在，导致F4代种群灭绝。发现TWP渗滤液对繁殖有显著的跨代效应。当后代转移到清洁培养基中时，暴露于250mg/L渗滤液少于三代的不利影响可以逆转。然而，连续暴露超过四代后未观察到这种恢复。暴露于高剂量TWP渗滤液也会对繁殖造成不可逆转的损害。因此，TWP渗滤液可通过对繁殖的遗留和累积效应，对浮游动物种群产生级联毒性。
