Department of Cardiology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Glob Health. 2024 Oct 11;14:04210. doi: 10.7189/jogh.14.04210.
Although socioeconomic status (SES) is considered a risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), few studies have examined this association. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and trends of CCVDs across different SES groups over a 12-year period in a representative Korean population.
We analysed 47 745 economically active adults aged ≥30 and <65 years from 97 622 patients in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-18), where a new independent sample of the population was examined each year. We categorised the participants into four groups based on education level and income. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and CCVD, including angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke, was analysed at four-year intervals.
Average age, urban residence, white-collar occupation, and body mass index >30 increased, whereas CCVD prevalence did not change significantly (P = 0.410) over the study period. Low education (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.47, P < 0.001) and low income (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.02-1.28, P = 0.017) were significant determinants of CCVD in addition to existing traditional risk factors. CCVD prevalence was significantly higher in both the low-education and low-income groups compared to the high-education and high-income groups every four years, with no significant change in this gap over the study period (P = 0.239).
Despite the increase in the elderly population and the prevalence of obesity, the incidence of CCVDs in Korea has remained unchanged. Individuals with low education or low income had a significantly higher prevalence of CCVD, with the lowest SES group, defined by both low education and low income, consistently having the highest prevalence of CCVDs.
尽管社会经济地位（SES）被认为是心血管疾病（CCVDs）的一个风险因素，但很少有研究对此进行过评估。在这项横断面研究中，我们旨在评估在韩国代表性人群中，12 年内不同 SES 群体中 CCVD 的患病率和趋势。
我们分析了来自韩国国民健康营养调查（2007-18 年）的 97622 名患者中 47745 名经济活跃的≥30 岁且<65 岁成年人的数据，每年对人群进行新的独立抽样。我们根据教育程度和收入将参与者分为四组。每四年分析一次高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和 CCVD（包括心绞痛、心肌梗死和中风）的患病率。
在研究期间，平均年龄、城市居住、白领职业和 BMI>30 增加，而 CCVD 患病率没有明显变化（P=0.410）。低教育程度（OR=1.24；95%置信区间（CI）=1.04-1.47，P<0.001）和低收入（OR=1.14；95%CI=1.02-1.28，P=0.017）是除了现有的传统危险因素外，CCVD 的重要决定因素。与高教育程度和高收入组相比，低教育程度和低收入组的 CCVD 患病率每四年都明显更高，在研究期间这一差距没有明显变化（P=0.239）。
尽管老年人口增加和肥胖患病率上升，但韩国的 CCVD 发病率保持不变。受教育程度或收入较低的个体 CCVD 患病率明显较高，而受教育程度和收入均较低的最低 SES 群体始终具有最高的 CCVD 患病率。
