Chap H, Douste-Blazy L
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1985 Dec;78 Spec No:13-9.
After a short review of the structure of phospholipids, the authors describe the organisation of these compounds in the cell membrane and the metabolic pathways responsible for their degradation. The latter involve the phospholipases C and A2. The first enzyme is the key to practically all cellular activation because the specific hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol--4,5-biphosphate generates two intracellular messengers, diglycerides and inositol--1,4,5-triphosphate which activate, respectively, a specific kinase and mobilise the calcium. This mobilisation of calcium is essential for the activation of the phospholipase A2 which regulates the liberation of arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine, precursors of different lipid mediators (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, platelet activating factor or PAF-acether...). The production of these derivatives represents a system of amplification and recruitment outside the cell, explaining the possible involvement of these metabolic pathways in the physiological and pharmacological regulation of the different cells of the cardiovascular system (platelets, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells...).
在对磷脂的结构进行简短回顾后，作者描述了这些化合物在细胞膜中的组织方式以及负责其降解的代谢途径。后者涉及磷脂酶C和A2。第一种酶实际上是所有细胞激活的关键，因为磷脂酰肌醇 - 4,5 - 二磷酸的特异性水解产生两种细胞内信使，二酰甘油和肌醇 - 1,4,5 - 三磷酸，它们分别激活一种特定的激酶并动员钙。这种钙的动员对于磷脂酶A2的激活至关重要，磷脂酶A2调节花生四烯酸和溶血磷脂酰胆碱的释放，它们是不同脂质介质（前列腺素、血栓素、白三烯、血小板活化因子或PAF - 醚……）的前体。这些衍生物的产生代表了细胞外的一种放大和募集系统，解释了这些代谢途径可能参与心血管系统不同细胞（血小板、内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞……）的生理和药理调节。
