Skoracka Julia, Bajewska Kaja, Kulawik Maciej, Suchorska Wiktoria, Kulcenty Katarzyna
Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, Fredry 10 Street, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences,Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
EXCLI J. 2024 Sep 3;23:1170-1182. doi: 10.17179/excli2024-7088. eCollection 2024.
Cartilage tissue, characterized by its limited regenerative capacity, presents significant challenges in clinical therapy. Recent advancements in cartilage regeneration have focused on integrating stem cell therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and advanced modeling techniques to overcome existing limitations. Stem cells, particularly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), hold promise for cartilage repair due to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, the key cells responsible for cartilage formation. Tissue engineering approaches, including 3D models, organ-on-a-chip systems, and organoids, offer innovative methods to mimic natural tissue microenvironments and evaluate potential treatments. MSC-based techniques, such as cell sheet tissue engineering, address challenges associated with traditional therapies, including cell availability and culture difficulties. Furthermore, advancements in 3D bioprinting enable the fabrication of complex tissue structures, while organ-on-a-chip systems provide microfluidic platforms for disease modeling and physiological mimicry. Organoids serve as simplified models of organs, capturing some complexity and enabling the monitoring of pathophysiological aspects of cartilage diseases. This comprehensive review underscores the transformative potential of integrating stem cell therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and advanced modeling techniques to improve cartilage regeneration and pave the way for more effective clinical treatments.
软骨组织再生能力有限，给临床治疗带来了重大挑战。软骨再生领域的最新进展集中在整合干细胞疗法、组织工程策略和先进的建模技术，以克服现有局限性。干细胞，特别是间充质干细胞（MSCs）和诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs），因其能够分化为软骨细胞（负责软骨形成的关键细胞），在软骨修复方面具有广阔前景。组织工程方法，包括3D模型、芯片器官系统和类器官，提供了模拟天然组织微环境和评估潜在治疗方法的创新手段。基于MSCs的技术，如细胞片组织工程，解决了与传统疗法相关的挑战，包括细胞可用性和培养困难。此外，3D生物打印技术的进步能够制造复杂的组织结构，而芯片器官系统则为疾病建模和生理模拟提供了微流控平台。类器官作为器官的简化模型，捕捉了一些复杂性，并能够监测软骨疾病的病理生理方面。这篇综述强调了整合干细胞疗法、组织工程策略和先进建模技术在改善软骨再生方面的变革潜力，为更有效的临床治疗铺平道路。
