Advancing Anti-Biofilm Strategies: Innovations to Combat Biofilm-Related Challenges and Enhance Efficacy.

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that can cause significant challenges in various settings, including industrial processes, environmental systems, and human health. The protective nature of biofilms makes them resistant to traditional anti-biofilm strategies, such as chemical agents, mechanical interventions, and surface modifications. To address the limitations of conventional anti-biofilm methods, researchers have explored emerging strategies that encompass the use of natural compounds, nanotechnology-based methods, quorum-sensing inhibition, enzymatic degradation, and antimicrobial photodynamic/sonodynamic therapy. There is an increasing focus on combining multiple anti-biofilm strategies to combat resistance and enhance effectiveness. Researchers are continuously investigating the mechanisms of biofilm formation and developing innovative approaches to overcome the limitations of conventional anti-biofilm methods. These efforts aim to improve the management of biofilms and prevent infections while preserving the environment. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in anti-biofilm strategies. Given the dynamic nature of this field, exploring new approaches is essential to stimulate further research and development initiatives. The effective management of biofilms is crucial for maintaining the health of industrial processes, environmental systems, and human populations.