Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2024 Oct 11;84(3):230-242. doi: 10.55782/ane-2024-2516.
Obsessive‑compulsive disorder (OCD) is a current topic of discussion nowadays. OCD presents a variety of different etiologies including environmental, viral, cognitive, or genetic aspects. In this article, we focused on the possible correlation between various infectious diseases as well as generally the relationship between viruses, bacteria, and parasites, and an increased OCD risk. In this narrative review, we analyzed different types of articles found on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, as well as the articles of the National Institute of Mental Health. Searching criteria included articles from 1991 till the end of November, research involving human and animal patients (including monkeys and rats), and research published in English. Research showed a relationship between Herpes simplex virus, Rubella virus, Human immunodeficiency virus, Borna disease virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Toxoplasma gondii, streptococcal infections, as well as gut microbiota and increased OCD risk. The possible mechanisms of this relation include neuroinflammation, brain tissue damage, autoimmune processes, and impairments in neurotransmitter levels. Infections caused by Varicella zoster virus, Measles virus, Mumps virus, Epstein‑Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, or Borrelia Burgdorferi may also contribute to the increased risk of OCD. Reports showed an increased frequency of OCD occurrence in a group of infected people compared to a healthy group. However, there is no evidence of the influence of Influenza virus, Coxsackie virus, Poliovirus, Parvovirus B19, Enterovirus 71, West Nile virus, Treponema Pallidum, or Toxocara infections on the OCD risk. There is a significant relationship between various infectious diseases and an increased OCD risk. However, further studies are crucial to discover the exact pathomechanisms of these correlations and the potential influence of other pathogens on the onset of OCD.
强迫症（OCD）是当前讨论的热门话题。OCD 表现出多种不同的病因，包括环境、病毒、认知或遗传方面。在本文中，我们专注于各种传染病之间的可能相关性，以及一般而言病毒、细菌和寄生虫与 OCD 风险增加之间的关系。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们分析了在 PubMed、Google Scholar 和 Scopus 上找到的不同类型的文章，以及美国国立精神卫生研究所的文章。搜索标准包括 1991 年至 11 月底的文章、涉及人类和动物患者（包括猴子和老鼠）的研究，以及以英文发表的研究。研究表明单纯疱疹病毒、风疹病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、Borna 病病毒、肺炎支原体、刚地弓形虫、链球菌感染以及肠道微生物群与 OCD 风险增加之间存在关联。这种关系的可能机制包括神经炎症、脑组织损伤、自身免疫过程以及神经递质水平的损害。水痘带状疱疹病毒、麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒、EB 病毒、巨细胞病毒或伯氏疏螺旋体引起的感染也可能导致 OCD 风险增加。报告显示，与健康组相比，一组感染者中 OCD 的发生频率增加。然而，没有证据表明流感病毒、柯萨奇病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、细小病毒 B19、肠病毒 71、西尼罗河病毒、苍白密螺旋体或弓蛔虫感染对 OCD 风险有影响。各种传染病与 OCD 风险增加之间存在显著关系。然而，进一步的研究对于发现这些相关性的确切病理机制以及其他病原体对 OCD 发病的潜在影响至关重要。
