Portnoy Galina A, Relyea Mark R, Webermann Aliya R, Presseau Candice, Iverson Katherine M, Brandt Cynthia A, Haskell Sally G
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, USA.
Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2025 Aug;40(15-16):3663-3688. doi: 10.1177/08862605241284087. Epub 2024 Oct 11.
The majority of intimate partner violence (IPV) research is unidirectional, focusing on IPV use (i.e., perpetration) or experience (i.e., victimization). However, when IPV use and experience data are simultaneously included in analyses, bidirectional IPV often emerges as a common IPV pattern. The objective of this study was to examine patterns of IPV use and experience, risk factors that may be associated with these patterns, and potential gender differences within a sample of post-9/11 Veterans. This study included a national sample of post-9/11 Veterans ( = 1,150; 50.3% women) who completed self-report measures at two timepoints. We performed a latent class analysis (LCA) to determine the appropriate number of IPV classes, conducted sensitivity analyses, and examined factors potentially associated with IPV class membership. We identified three distinct classes of IPV: Low to no IPV, Bidirectional Psychological IPV, and Bidirectional Multiform IPV. Men and women reported similar rates of IPV use and experience, and there were no gender differences in the LCA model. However, race and ethnicity, employment status, children in the household, marital status, child abuse or witnessing family violence, lifetime physical assault, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and binge drinking were differentially associated with class membership. This study extends existing knowledge on patterns of IPV among Veterans and factors associated with these patterns. Bidirectional IPV was the most common IPV pattern, underscoring the importance of examining IPV use and experience concurrently within research and clinical samples, and developing comprehensive IPV screening and treatment strategies that incorporate bidirectional IPV in work to advance relationship health and safety among Veterans.
大多数亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）研究都是单向的，聚焦于IPV的实施（即 perpetration）或经历（即 victimization）。然而，当在分析中同时纳入IPV实施和经历的数据时，双向IPV往往会作为一种常见的IPV模式出现。本研究的目的是在9·11事件后的退伍军人样本中，考察IPV实施和经历的模式、可能与这些模式相关的风险因素以及潜在的性别差异。本研究纳入了一个全国性的9·11事件后退伍军人样本（n = 1150；50.3%为女性），他们在两个时间点完成了自我报告测量。我们进行了潜在类别分析（LCA）以确定IPV类别的适当数量，进行了敏感性分析，并考察了可能与IPV类别归属相关的因素。我们确定了三种不同的IPV类别：低至无IPV、双向心理IPV和双向多种形式IPV。男性和女性报告的IPV实施和经历发生率相似，在LCA模型中不存在性别差异。然而，种族和民族、就业状况、家庭中的子女、婚姻状况、儿童虐待或目睹家庭暴力、终生身体攻击、创伤后应激症状以及暴饮与类别归属存在差异关联。本研究扩展了关于退伍军人中IPV模式以及与这些模式相关因素的现有知识。双向IPV是最常见的IPV模式，强调了在研究和临床样本中同时考察IPV实施和经历的重要性，以及制定全面的IPV筛查和治疗策略，在工作中纳入双向IPV以促进退伍军人的关系健康和安全。
