Ni Huiling, Huang Canhua, Ran Zhi, Li Shan, Kuang Chunmei, Zhang Yu, Yuan Kai
Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Gynecology & Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
J Mol Cell Biol. 2025 May 2;16(10). doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjae046.
Despite advances in screening and prevention, cervical cancer (CC) remains an unresolved public health issue and poses a significant global challenge, particularly for women in low-income regions. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially with the high-risk strains, is a primary driver of cervical carcinogenesis. Emerging evidence indicates that integrating HPV testing with existing approaches, such as cervical cytology and visual inspection, offers enhanced sensitivity and specificity in CC screening. HPV infection-associated biomarkers, including HPV E6/E7 oncogenes, p16^INK4a, DNA methylation signatures, and non-coding RNAs, offer valuable insights into disease progression and the development of personalized interventions. Preventive and therapeutic vaccination against HPV, along with tertiary prevention strategies such as the use of antiviral and immune-modulating drugs for HPV-related lesions, show great clinical potential. At the mechanistic level, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and the development of organoid models for HPV infection provide new cellular and molecular insights into HPV-related CC pathogenesis. This review focuses on the crucial roles of HPV in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CC, with particular emphasis on the latest advancements in screening and disease intervention.
尽管在筛查和预防方面取得了进展，但宫颈癌（CC）仍然是一个尚未解决的公共卫生问题，对全球构成重大挑战，尤其是对低收入地区的女性。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染，特别是高危型毒株感染，是宫颈癌发生的主要驱动因素。新出现的证据表明，将HPV检测与现有方法（如宫颈细胞学检查和肉眼检查）相结合，可提高宫颈癌筛查的敏感性和特异性。HPV感染相关生物标志物，包括HPV E6/E7癌基因、p16^INK4a、DNA甲基化特征和非编码RNA，为疾病进展和个性化干预措施的制定提供了有价值的见解。针对HPV的预防性和治疗性疫苗接种，以及三级预防策略（如使用抗病毒和免疫调节药物治疗HPV相关病变）具有巨大的临床潜力。在机制层面，单细胞RNA测序分析和HPV感染类器官模型的建立为HPV相关宫颈癌的发病机制提供了新的细胞和分子见解。本综述重点关注HPV在宫颈癌预防、诊断和治疗中的关键作用，特别强调筛查和疾病干预的最新进展。
