Dimalanta Lauren, Pithadia Kishan, Shenkute Nathan T, Strelow Bryan, Zhang Zhidong, Ulrich Jan, Zhang Alice Y, Fleischman David
Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
J Clin Med. 2024 Oct 6;13(19):5941. doi: 10.3390/jcm13195941.
: This study investigates whether there is an increased propensity to systemic conditions in patients with both age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma in order to provide greater insight into patients' overall health and response to physiologic stress. : A large retrospective dataset review was conducted between April 2004 and June 2018, distinguishing four groups based on international classification of diseases (ICD) codes: glaucoma only, AMD only, glaucoma and AMD, and cataracts only (as an age-matched control). The systemic disease prevalence of each group was calculated, and a Friedman analysis was used to compare the prevalence between the groups. : This study identified 5243 patients with glaucoma only, 6726 with AMD only, 402 with combined disease, and 25,450 with cataracts only. Age and racial distributions varied between groups in a predictable manner. Two conditions, heart failure (HF) and dementia, had a statistically higher prevalence in patients with both glaucoma and AMD compared to those with glaucoma alone (HF = 0.036, dementia = 0.024) and cataracts alone (HF = 0.003, dementia = 0.036). There was no significant difference observed in terms of ethnicity and gender among the different disease groups ( > 0.05). : Both AMD and glaucoma individually portend a higher rate of comorbidities than age-matched controls. Patients with concomitant AMD and glaucoma demonstrate a uniquely higher prevalence of heart failure and dementia than those with either disease alone. The underlying association and pathologic mechanisms warrant further investigation to improve the overall health management and prognostication for these individuals.
本研究调查年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）和青光眼患者发生全身性疾病的倾向是否增加，以便更深入了解患者的整体健康状况和对生理应激的反应。
在2004年4月至2018年6月期间进行了一项大型回顾性数据集审查，根据国际疾病分类（ICD）代码区分四组：仅青光眼组、仅AMD组、青光眼合并AMD组和仅白内障组（作为年龄匹配对照）。计算每组的全身性疾病患病率，并使用弗里德曼分析比较各组之间的患病率。
本研究确定了5243例仅患有青光眼的患者、6726例仅患有AMD的患者、402例患有合并疾病的患者以及25450例仅患有白内障的患者。各组之间的年龄和种族分布以可预测的方式有所不同。与仅患有青光眼的患者（心力衰竭[HF]=0.036，痴呆=0.024）和仅患有白内障的患者（HF=0.003，痴呆=0.036）相比，两种疾病（HF和痴呆）在患有青光眼和AMD的患者中的患病率在统计学上更高。不同疾病组之间在种族和性别方面未观察到显著差异（P>0.05）。
AMD和青光眼单独发生时的合并症发生率均高于年龄匹配对照。同时患有AMD和青光眼的患者心力衰竭和痴呆的患病率比仅患有其中一种疾病的患者显著更高。潜在的关联和病理机制值得进一步研究，以改善这些个体的整体健康管理和预后。
