Smith Kristy L, Koopmann Till, Weir Patricia L, Schorer Jörg
Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
Institute of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Oct 3;6:1459784. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1459784. eCollection 2024.
Athlete age-grouping and age-banding has been shown to impact sport participation and athlete development. The current study examined the impact of within-year (WYEs) and between-year effects (BYEs), and their interactions with playing position, on female participation in elite German football. The sample of 1,378 German first-league players revealed expected participation inequities within-year with relatively older players being over-represented and younger players being under-represented. From a between-year perspective there were no participation differences. The interaction of WYEs and BYEs revealed an over-representation of odd-year players in Q1, and Q2 in even years. With respect to the interaction between year effects and playing position, for WYEs the expected effect was present for goalkeepers and defenders, while there was no significant interaction for BYEs. Overall, the results offer insight regarding the impact of system structure on participation, and highlight unique characteristics associated with playing positions.
运动员年龄分组和年龄分段已被证明会影响体育参与和运动员发展。本研究考察了年内效应（WYEs）和年间效应（BYEs）及其与比赛位置的相互作用对德国女子精英足球参与情况的影响。对1378名德国甲级联赛球员的样本研究发现，年内存在预期的参与不平等，相对年长的球员代表性过高，而年轻球员代表性不足。从年间角度来看，不存在参与差异。年内效应和年间效应的相互作用表明，在第一季度中，奇数年球员代表性过高，而在偶数年的第二季度也是如此。关于年份效应与比赛位置之间的相互作用，就年内效应而言，守门员和后卫出现了预期效应，而年间效应则没有显著的相互作用。总体而言，研究结果为系统结构对参与情况的影响提供了见解，并突出了与比赛位置相关的独特特征。
