El Abassi Mourad, Ousmana Habiba, Saouita Jihane, El-Hmaidi Abdellah, Iallamen Zineb, Jaddi Hajar, Aouragh My Hachem, Boufala M'hamed, Kasse Zahra, El Ouali Anas, Abdallaoui Abdelaziz
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Water Science and Environmental Engineering Team, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, 50000, Meknes, Morocco.
ONEE, National Office for Electricity and Drinking Water, Water Branch, 50000, Meknes, Morocco.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 27;10(19):e38228. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38228. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
Preserving water and soil resources ranks among the top priorities outlined in the national water strategy. Indeed, the integrated management of water resources in vulnerable territories, particularly in Morocco, requires a deep knowledge of the hydrological functioning and use of water resources in these regions. The diverse hydroclimatic and morphological features within the Ouljet Es Soltane watershed, which is a sub-basin of the extensive Oued Sebou watershed, present significant challenges in managing its water and soil resources. Identifying areas susceptible to soil erosion is crucial for implementing preventive measures in the Ouljet Es Soltane basin and ensuring its sustainable development. Morphometric analysis plays an important role in the effective management and sustainable utilization of the basin's resources. This study used four MCDM models, including the CF (Compound Factor), VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), and SAW (Simple Additive Weighing), to prioritize 20 sub-watersheds of the Ouljet Es Soltane watershed. Based on the sub-watershed prioritization results obtained from the VIKOR, TOPSIS, and SAW models, sub-watershed 16 achieved scores of 0, 0.59, and 0.8, respectively, positioning it as the first rank. These findings highlight that sub-watershed 16 exhibits a high susceptibility to erosion and is classified as one of the most vulnerable areas in terms of erosion risk. Based on the results obtained from the VIKOR, TOPSIS, and SAW models, the susceptibility of the sub-watersheds to erosion can be classified into four categories: low, moderate, high, and very high. On the other hand, the CF model only has two categories: low and moderate susceptibility. Overall, the findings suggest that morphometric parameters are highly effective in identifying areas at risk of erosion. Furthermore, the VIKOR, TOPSIS, and SAW methods exhibit greater predictive accuracy compared to the CF model. The comparison of these models involved the use of Spearman correlation coefficient test (SCCT). The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for making informed decisions in developing an effective framework for soil erosion control strategies.
保护水土资源是国家水资源战略的首要任务之一。事实上，对脆弱地区，特别是摩洛哥的水资源进行综合管理，需要深入了解这些地区的水文功能和水资源利用情况。乌勒杰特索尔坦内流域是广大的塞布河（Oued Sebou）流域的一个子流域，其多样的水文气候和形态特征给该流域的水土资源管理带来了重大挑战。识别易发生土壤侵蚀的区域对于在乌勒杰特索尔坦内流域实施预防措施和确保其可持续发展至关重要。形态测量分析在该流域资源的有效管理和可持续利用中发挥着重要作用。本研究使用了四种多准则决策模型，包括复合因子（CF）、VIKOR（多准则优化与妥协解）、TOPSIS（逼近理想解排序法）和简单加权法（SAW），对乌勒杰特索尔坦内流域的20个子流域进行优先级排序。根据VIKOR、TOPSIS和SAW模型得到的子流域优先级排序结果，子流域16分别获得了0、0.59和0.8的分数，位居第一。这些结果表明，子流域16对侵蚀的敏感性很高，在侵蚀风险方面被归类为最脆弱的地区之一。根据VIKOR、TOPSIS和SAW模型得到的结果，子流域对侵蚀的敏感性可分为四类：低、中、高和非常高。另一方面，CF模型只有两类：低敏感性和中敏感性。总体而言，研究结果表明形态测量参数在识别侵蚀风险区域方面非常有效。此外，与CF模型相比，VIKOR、TOPSIS和SAW方法具有更高的预测准确性。这些模型的比较使用了斯皮尔曼相关系数检验（SCCT）。本研究的结果可为制定有效的土壤侵蚀控制策略框架提供有价值的见解，以便做出明智的决策。
