Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
Clin Rheumatol. 2024 Dec;43(12):3781-3787. doi: 10.1007/s10067-024-07190-1. Epub 2024 Oct 23.
The study aims to assess the diagnostic and clinical significance of autoantibodies against aquaporin-1 (anti-AQP1) and aquaporin-5 (anti-AQP5) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). A total of 163 participants were categorized into three groups: pSS group, other connective tissue diseases (CTD) group, and healthy control (HC) group. The levels of anti-AQP1 and anti-AQP5 autoantibodies in serum were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and clinical data from patients were collected for statistical analysis. Our results showed that the level of anti-AQP1 in the pSS group was higher than in the HC group (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between the pSS group and the CTD group (P > 0.05). ROC showed that the anti-AQP1 had no diagnostic value for pSS (P > 0.05). The anti-AQP5 level of 39 healthy adults was all below the cut-off value (14.10 ng/ml) (P < 0.05). The level of anti-AQP5 in the pSS group was higher than the CTD group (P < 0.05), the AUC was 0.86 (95% CI 0.80-0.93), with a sensitivity of 0.95 (95% CI 0.87-0.99) and a specificity of 0.70 (95% CI 0.58-0.84). No correlation was found between anti-AQP5 levels and the EULAR primary Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index score, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, anti-ds-DNA, salivary gland flow rate, complement 3, and lymphocyte count in pSS samples (P > 0.05), respectively. Therefore, the elevated anti-AQP5 may emerge as a novel diagnostic biomarker for pSS patients due to high sensitivity and specificity.
本研究旨在评估抗水通道蛋白-1（anti-AQP1）和抗水通道蛋白-5（anti-AQP5）自身抗体在原发性干燥综合征（pSS）中的诊断和临床意义。共有 163 名参与者被分为三组：pSS 组、其他结缔组织疾病（CTD）组和健康对照组（HC）。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定血清中抗 AQP1 和抗 AQP5 自身抗体的水平，并收集患者的临床数据进行统计分析。我们的结果表明，pSS 组的抗 AQP1 水平高于 HC 组（P<0.05），但 pSS 组与 CTD 组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。ROC 显示抗 AQP1 对 pSS 无诊断价值（P>0.05）。39 名健康成年人的抗 AQP5 水平均低于截值（14.10ng/ml）（P<0.05）。pSS 组的抗 AQP5 水平高于 CTD 组（P<0.05），AUC 为 0.86（95%CI 0.80-0.93），灵敏度为 0.95（95%CI 0.87-0.99），特异性为 0.70（95%CI 0.58-0.84）。pSS 样本中抗 AQP5 水平与 EULAR 原发性干燥综合征疾病活动指数评分、抗 SSA、抗 SSB、抗核抗体、类风湿因子、抗 ds-DNA、唾液腺流量、补体 3 和淋巴细胞计数均无相关性（P>0.05）。因此，由于高灵敏度和特异性，升高的抗 AQP5 可能成为 pSS 患者的新型诊断生物标志物。
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