Awad H H, Abulyazid I, El-Kholy E M S, Mohammed H S, Abdelhakim H K, Fadl A M
Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Biological Application Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Oct 24. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04418-8.
Effective mosquito management strategies are crucial to minimize the number of mosquito-borne diseases. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are promising in mosquito control because they are effective and eco-friendly rather than synthetic insecticides. The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of SeNPs on the detoxification enzymes, acetylcholine esterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and α-carboxyl esterase (α-CarE), in larval instars of Culex pipiens complex at the LC concentration. In 3rd instar larvae treated with microwave-assisted selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs-MW) and gamma-assisted selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs-G), it was found that AChE activity was significantly inhibited. On the other hand, significant increases in GST and α-CarE activities were observed. Additionally, genotoxic and ultrastructure studies of midgut epithelial cells in 3rd instar larvae revealed DNA damage and cell lysis, including destruction of the cell membrane, microvilli, and nuclei. These findings suggest that SeNPs have an adverse effect on AChE gene expression, resulting in its downregulation. This downregulation can be attributed to the formation of reactive oxygen species induced by SeNPs that can modulate the host defense mechanism leading to apoptosis and subsequent larval mortality. The present study was the first to use phyto-microwave-assisted and gamma-assisted synthesis of SeNPs which provides an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution to reduce the risk of chemical insecticides. Furthermore, an integrated pest management program (IPM) using nanocides can be successfully developed for mosquito control.
有效的蚊虫管理策略对于减少蚊媒疾病的数量至关重要。硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs）在蚊虫控制方面很有前景，因为它们有效且环保，而非合成杀虫剂。本研究旨在评估硒纳米颗粒在LC浓度下对尖音库蚊复合组幼虫龄期解毒酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）和α-羧酸酯酶（α-CarE）的影响。在用微波辅助硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs-MW）和γ辅助硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs-G）处理的三龄幼虫中，发现AChE活性受到显著抑制。另一方面，观察到GST和α-CarE活性显著增加。此外，对三龄幼虫中肠上皮细胞的遗传毒性和超微结构研究揭示了DNA损伤和细胞裂解，包括细胞膜、微绒毛和细胞核的破坏。这些发现表明，硒纳米颗粒对AChE基因表达有不利影响，导致其下调。这种下调可归因于硒纳米颗粒诱导的活性氧物种的形成，其可调节宿主防御机制，导致细胞凋亡及随后的幼虫死亡。本研究首次使用植物微波辅助和γ辅助合成硒纳米颗粒，这为降低化学杀虫剂风险提供了一种环保且经济高效的解决方案。此外，使用纳米杀虫剂的综合虫害管理计划（IPM）可成功用于蚊虫控制。
