Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, 40-555, Katowice, Poland.
Faculty of Architecture, Civil Construction, and Applied Arts, Academy of Silesia, 40-555, Katowice, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 23;14(1):24974. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76813-z.
With increasing urbanization, more people are exposed to mental health risk factors stemming from the urban social or physical environment. However, research on the relationship between urbanization and mental health is lacking. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationships of the physical environment (spatial cohesion and urban environment) and social factors (neighborhood cohesion) with mental health (stress, anxiety and depression symptoms) and physical health and the mediating role of loneliness based on the proposed theoretical model. The study was conducted in Metropolis GZM (Silesia, Poland) in a representative sample of 3296 residents (48% women). The measurements used were the PSS-10, GAD-7, PHQ-9, R-UCLA3 and neighborhood cohesion scale. ANOVA results showed that city residents had better mental health indices than residents of villages and small towns. The network approach revealed that urbanization was one of the most influential nodes and played the role of a bridge between all other nodes. The model was confirmed and showed that the relationships between the physical environment and mental health were consecutively mediated by neighborhood cohesion and loneliness. Spatial cohesion related to factors of the physical environment and physical health, while physical health was directly connected to sociodemographic factors and weakly to stress. Anxiety was the strongest risk factor. Mental health can be improved by social and architectural factors, such as strengthening neighborhood cohesion and improving neglected buildings.
随着城市化的发展，越来越多的人面临着源自城市社会或物理环境的心理健康风险因素。然而，关于城市化与心理健康之间关系的研究却很少。本横断面研究旨在根据提出的理论模型，探讨物理环境（空间凝聚力和城市环境）和社会因素（邻里凝聚力）与心理健康（压力、焦虑和抑郁症状）和身体健康的关系，以及孤独感的中介作用。该研究在波兰西里西亚大都市 GZM 进行，样本为 3296 名居民（48%为女性），具有代表性。使用的测量方法包括 PSS-10、GAD-7、PHQ-9、R-UCLA3 和邻里凝聚力量表。方差分析结果表明，城市居民的心理健康指标优于农村和小镇居民。网络方法表明，城市化是最具影响力的节点之一，它在所有其他节点之间起到了桥梁的作用。该模型得到了证实，并表明物理环境与心理健康之间的关系依次通过邻里凝聚力和孤独感来中介。空间凝聚力与物理环境和身体健康的因素有关，而身体健康与社会人口因素直接相关，与压力的相关性较弱。焦虑是最强的风险因素。通过社会和建筑因素，如加强邻里凝聚力和改善被忽视的建筑物，可以改善心理健康。
