Ji Jingyu, Ma Weihu, An Jiyuan, Zhang Bowen, Sun Wenzhuo, Zhang Guocai
Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
School of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Oct 7;10(10):699. doi: 10.3390/jof10100699.
This study explores the in vitro antifungal effects of nerol, a linear acyclic monoterpene alcohol of plant origin, on , , and . To further investigate the antifungal mechanism of nerol against , we examined changes in mycelial morphology and cell membrane integrity-related indices, as well as the activities of antioxidant and pathogenicity-related enzymes. The results demonstrated that nerol exhibited significant concentration-dependent inhibition of mycelial growth in all three fungi, with EC values of 0.46 μL/mL for , 1.81 μL/mL for , and 1.26 μL/mL for , with the strongest antifungal activity observed against . Scanning electron microscopy revealed that nerol severely disrupted the mycelial structure of , causing deformation, swelling, and even rupture. Treatment with 0.04 μL/mL nerol led to significant leakage of soluble proteins and intracellular ions in , and the Na/K-ATPase activity was reduced to 28.02% of the control, indicating enhanced membrane permeability. The elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, along with propidium iodide staining of treated microconidia, further confirmed cell membrane disruption caused by nerol. Additionally, after 12 h of exposure to 0.04 μL/mL nerol, the activity of superoxide dismutase in decreased to 55.81% of the control, and the activities of catalase and peroxidase were also significantly inhibited. Nerol markedly reduced the activities of pathogenicity-related enzymes, such as endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase, polygalacturonase, and pectin lyase, affecting fungal growth and virulence. In conclusion, nerol disrupts the cell membrane integrity and permeability of , reduces its virulence, and ultimately inhibits fungal growth, highlighting its potential as an alternative to chemical fungicides for controlling .
本研究探讨了植物源直链无环单萜醇橙花醇对[具体真菌名称1]、[具体真菌名称2]和[具体真菌名称3]的体外抗真菌作用。为进一步研究橙花醇对[具体真菌名称1]的抗真菌机制，我们检测了菌丝形态和细胞膜完整性相关指标的变化，以及抗氧化酶和致病性相关酶的活性。结果表明，橙花醇对这三种真菌的菌丝生长均表现出显著的浓度依赖性抑制，[具体真菌名称1]的EC值为0.46 μL/mL，[具体真菌名称2]为1.81 μL/mL，[具体真菌名称3]为1.26 μL/mL，其中对[具体真菌名称1]的抗真菌活性最强。扫描电子显微镜显示，橙花醇严重破坏了[具体真菌名称1]的菌丝结构，导致变形、肿胀甚至破裂。用0.04 μL/mL橙花醇处理导致[具体真菌名称1]中可溶性蛋白和细胞内离子大量泄漏，Na/K - ATP酶活性降至对照的28.02%，表明膜通透性增强。过氧化氢和丙二醛水平升高，以及处理后的微分生孢子的碘化丙啶染色，进一步证实了橙花醇引起的细胞膜破坏。此外，在暴露于0.04 μL/mL橙花醇12小时后，[具体真菌名称1]中超氧化物歧化酶的活性降至对照的55.81%，过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的活性也受到显著抑制。橙花醇显著降低了内 - 1,4 - β - D - 葡聚糖酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和果胶裂解酶等致病性相关酶的活性，影响真菌的生长和毒力。总之，橙花醇破坏了[具体真菌名称1]的细胞膜完整性和通透性，降低其毒力，最终抑制真菌生长，突出了其作为控制[具体真菌名称1]的化学杀菌剂替代品的潜力。
