Morgado Alice Murteira
Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Oct 2;14(10):892. doi: 10.3390/bs14100892.
Most individuals in the general population will be exposed to potentially traumatic situations at some point in their lifespan. There is a strong body of research focusing on the clinical implications of exposure to potentially traumatic situations, but less attention has been given to psychological adjustment following these events. Very few available instruments assess trauma exposure while considering subjective perceptions of both positive and negative features. In this study, 304 adults from the general population, mostly women of middle and high socioeconomic status (mean age = 43), filled in a questionnaire with sociodemographic questions and an adapted version of the Trauma Exposure Checklist, which was originally developed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that most participants have experienced a potentially traumatic event, most prevalently related to violence and/or criminality and to the severe illnesses and deaths of close relatives. Principal components and reliability analyses lent support to a three-factor structure that considers perceptions of internal and external losses and a positive factor that addresses resources and social support. This study is a first step towards advancing our knowledge on the impact of developmental and sociodemographic factors on subjective experiences of psychological crises and, consequently, psychological adjustment throughout the lifespan.
一般人群中的大多数人在其生命中的某个时刻都会接触到潜在的创伤性情境。有大量研究关注接触潜在创伤性情境的临床意义,但这些事件后的心理调适却较少受到关注。在考虑对积极和消极特征的主观认知时,很少有可用的工具能评估创伤暴露情况。在本研究中,304名来自一般人群的成年人,大多是社会经济地位中高的女性(平均年龄 = 43岁),填写了一份包含社会人口学问题的问卷以及一份改编版的《创伤暴露清单》,该清单最初是在新冠疫情背景下编制的。结果表明,大多数参与者都经历过潜在的创伤性事件,最常见的与暴力和/或犯罪以及近亲的重病和死亡有关。主成分分析和信度分析支持了一个三因素结构,该结构考虑了对内部和外部损失的认知以及一个涉及资源和社会支持的积极因素。本研究是迈向增进我们对发展和社会人口学因素对心理危机主观体验的影响以及因此对整个生命周期中心理调适影响的认识的第一步。