Chen Jiwei, Li Xiaozhen, Dong Xianxin, Wang Xiaoyan
Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.
Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Oct 15;15:1452347. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1452347. eCollection 2024.
The addition of non-templated nucleotides at the 3' terminus of RNA is a pervasive and evolutionarily conserved posttranscriptional modification in eukaryotes. Apart from canonical poly(A) polymerases (PAPs), which are responsible for catalyzing polyadenylation of messenger RNAs in the nucleus, a distinct group of non-canonical PAPs (ncPAPs), also known as nucleotidyl transferase proteins (NTPs), mediate the addition of uridine and adenosine or of more intricate combinations of nucleotides. Among these, HEN1 SUPPRESSOR 1 (HESO1) and UTP: RNA URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE (URT1) are the two most extensively studied NTPs responsible for the addition of uridine to the 3' ends of RNAs (RNA uridylation). Recent discoveries have improved our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of uridylation mediated by HESO1 and URT1 in RNA metabolism. Furthermore, more NTPs have been identified to function in the 3' tailing of RNA and not solely through uridylation. Accumulating evidence indicates that RNA tailing plays important roles in plant growth and development, stress responses, and disease resistance. In this review, we examined the latest developments in RNA tailing by NTPs, with a focus on RNA uridylation and metabolism in plants. We also discussed the essential aspects for future research in this field.
在RNA的3'末端添加非模板化核苷酸是真核生物中一种普遍存在且在进化上保守的转录后修饰。除了负责催化细胞核中信使RNA多聚腺苷酸化的经典多聚腺苷酸聚合酶（PAP）外，一组不同的非经典PAP（ncPAP），也称为核苷酸转移酶蛋白（NTP），介导尿苷和腺苷的添加或更复杂的核苷酸组合。其中，HEN1抑制因子1（HESO1）和尿苷三磷酸：RNA尿苷酰转移酶（URT1）是研究最广泛的两种NTP，负责在RNA的3'末端添加尿苷（RNA尿苷化）。最近的发现增进了我们对HESO1和URT1介导的尿苷化在RNA代谢中的功能和机制的理解。此外，已鉴定出更多NTP在RNA的3'加尾中发挥作用，且不仅仅是通过尿苷化。越来越多的证据表明，RNA加尾在植物生长发育、应激反应和抗病性中起重要作用。在本综述中，我们研究了NTP介导的RNA加尾的最新进展，重点是植物中的RNA尿苷化和代谢。我们还讨论了该领域未来研究的重要方面。
