Li Helin, Liu Ying, Sun Yucao, Guo Hangyu, Lv Shiyan, Guo Wenhui, Ren Jiyu, Wang Yufu, Zu Jianing, Yan Jinglong, Wang Nanxiang
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2024 Oct 16;18:1478741. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1478741. eCollection 2024.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological injury that causes severe trauma to motor and sensory functions. Although long considered incurable, recent research has brought new hope for functional recovery from SCI. After SCI, astrocytes are activated into many polarization states. Here we discuss the two most important classical phenotypes: the 'A1' neurotoxic phenotype and the 'A2' neuroprotective phenotype, with A1 astrocytes being neurotoxic and impeding neurorecovery, and A2 astrocytes being neuroprotective. This paper discusses the changes in astrocyte responsiveness after SCI and the pros and cons of their polarization in SCI. It also elucidates the feasibility of astrocyte polarization as a therapeutic target for neuroprotection. In the future, multiple intervention strategies targeting astrocyte polarization are expected to gain wider clinical application, ultimately improving motor-sensory function and quality of life in SCI patients.
脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种严重的神经损伤，会对运动和感觉功能造成严重创伤。尽管长期以来被认为无法治愈，但最近的研究为脊髓损伤后的功能恢复带来了新的希望。脊髓损伤后，星形胶质细胞会被激活进入多种极化状态。在此，我们讨论两种最重要的经典表型：“A1”神经毒性表型和“A2”神经保护表型，其中A1星形胶质细胞具有神经毒性并阻碍神经恢复，而A2星形胶质细胞具有神经保护作用。本文讨论了脊髓损伤后星形胶质细胞反应性的变化及其在脊髓损伤中极化的利弊。它还阐明了星形胶质细胞极化作为神经保护治疗靶点的可行性。未来，针对星形胶质细胞极化的多种干预策略有望获得更广泛的临床应用，最终改善脊髓损伤患者的运动感觉功能和生活质量。
