Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center (NMCRC) and Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Womens Health. 2024 Nov 2;24(1):586. doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-03421-4.
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, and it is associated with significant number of metabolic and reproductive risk factors. Despite the overlap between hormonal and metabolic factors involved in the development of PCOS and many known risk factors for breast cancer, the relationship between PCOS and breast cancer, the most common type of cancer among women, remains unknown. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between breast cancer and clinical symptoms of PCOS.
This case-control study was conducted on 285 women with breast cancer and 285 healthy women referred to three centers in Tehran in 2023. Both the case and control groups were matched in terms of age and body mass index. The data collection tool in this study was a researcher-made data registration form, that was completed in person by qualified individuals. A history of PCOS was identified according to the Rotterdam criteria. Women aged 15-49 years who were able to read and write were included in the study. The case group had a history of breast cancer, while the control group did not. Participants who did not consent to having their data use in the analysis were excluded. Data was analyzed using an independent t-test, a chi-square test and a logistic regression model.
The mean age of the participants in the case group was 43.05 ± 4.92 years and that of the control group was 42.78 ± 5.06 years. The two groups showed a statistically significant difference in terms of PCOS history (p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the logistic regression model showed that women with PCOS had a significantly higher chance of developing breast cancer (0R: 3.677, 95%CI: 1.529-8.840, P = 0.004). Among PCOS symptoms, women with a history of hirsutism had a higher chance of developing breast cancer (OR: 2.188, 95% CI: 1.014-4.720, P = 0.046).
The findings of the present study suggest that PCOS is a risk factor for breast cancer. Well-designed further studies are highly recommended to determine the role of PCOS in predicting breast cancer.
乳腺癌是全球女性最常见的癌症，与大量代谢和生殖风险因素有关。尽管多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）涉及的激素和代谢因素与许多已知的乳腺癌风险因素重叠，但 PCOS 与乳腺癌之间的关系，即女性最常见的癌症类型，仍然未知。本研究旨在确定乳腺癌与 PCOS 临床症状之间的关系。
本病例对照研究于 2023 年在德黑兰的三个中心对 285 名乳腺癌女性和 285 名健康女性进行，病例组和对照组在年龄和体重指数方面相匹配。本研究的数据收集工具是由研究人员制作的个人资料登记表，由合格人员亲自填写。根据鹿特丹标准确定 PCOS 病史。纳入研究的对象为年龄在 15-49 岁、能读写的女性。病例组有乳腺癌病史，对照组没有。不同意将其数据用于分析的参与者被排除在外。使用独立 t 检验、卡方检验和逻辑回归模型对数据进行分析。
病例组参与者的平均年龄为 43.05±4.92 岁，对照组为 42.78±5.06 岁。两组在 PCOS 病史方面存在统计学显著差异（p<0.001）。调整混杂变量后，逻辑回归模型显示 PCOS 女性患乳腺癌的风险显著增加（OR：3.677，95%CI：1.529-8.840，P=0.004）。在 PCOS 症状中，有高雄激素血症史的女性患乳腺癌的风险更高（OR：2.188，95%CI：1.014-4.720，P=0.046）。
本研究结果表明，PCOS 是乳腺癌的一个危险因素。强烈建议进行设计良好的进一步研究，以确定 PCOS 在预测乳腺癌中的作用。
