Gosbell Sally E, Ayer Julian G, Lubans David R, Coombes Jeff S, Maiorana Andrew, Morris Norman R, Tran Derek L, Cordina Rachael L
The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
CJC Pediatr Congenit Heart Dis. 2024 May 10;3(4):165-177. doi: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2024.05.002. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Physical activity participation is critical for optimal physical, psychological, and cognitive health in children and adults living with congenital heart disease (CHD). Majority of the general population are not sufficiently active, and with the added psychological, physical, and socioeconomic barriers faced by individuals with CHD, it is unsurprising that many people living with CHD do not meet the recommendations for physical activity either. The aim of this review is to outline lifelong physical activity barriers faced by individuals living with CHD and provide age-appropriate strategies that can be used to ensure the development of long-term positive physical activity behaviours. Barriers to physical activity include safety fears, lack of encouragement, low exercise self-efficacy, body image concerns, limited education, socioeconomic status, reduced access to resources, and cardiac diagnosis and severity. These barriers are multifaceted and often begin in early childhood and continue to develop well into adulthood. Therefore, it is important for children to participate in physical activity from early stages of life as it has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, and quality of life. Current literature demonstrates that participation in physical activity and higher intensity exercise after appropriate screening is safe and should be encouraged rather than dissuaded in people born with a congenital heart condition.
对于患有先天性心脏病（CHD）的儿童和成人而言，参与体育活动对其达到最佳身体、心理和认知健康至关重要。大多数普通人群的运动量都不足，而患有先天性心脏病的个体还面临着额外的心理、身体和社会经济障碍，因此许多先天性心脏病患者未达到体育活动建议也就不足为奇了。本综述的目的是概述先天性心脏病患者一生当中面临的体育活动障碍，并提供适合不同年龄段的策略，以确保培养长期积极的体育活动行为。体育活动的障碍包括对安全的担忧、缺乏鼓励、运动自我效能感低、对身体形象的关注、教育程度有限、社会经济地位、获取资源的机会减少以及心脏诊断和严重程度。这些障碍是多方面的，通常始于幼儿期，并持续发展至成年期。因此，儿童从生命早期就参与体育活动很重要，因为已证明这能改善心肺适能、肌肉耐力和生活质量。当前文献表明，经过适当筛查后参与体育活动和进行更高强度的锻炼是安全的，对于先天性心脏病患者应予以鼓励而非劝阻。
