Paradowska-Stolarz Anna Maria, Ziomek Marta, Sluzalec-Wieckiewicz Katarzyna, Duś-Ilnicka Irena
Division of Facial Developmental Defects, Department of Maxillofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
Dent Med Probl. 2024 Nov-Dec;61(6):925-932. doi: 10.17219/dmp/186086.
Symmetry is present in various aspects of everyday life. A symmetrical face is considered attractive, whereas a lack of facial symmetry is regarded as a source of functional and aesthetic problems. Most of the people exhibit slight asymmetries, but some of them reveal severe asymmetries. Among patients presenting with severe facial asymmetries, there may be those with congenital defects. Congenital defects may manifest at the time of birth or be a result of birth trauma.One of the most prevalent asymmetrical birth defects is cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Other congenital defects include craniofacial syndromes, such as Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) and Goldenhar syndrome. Among the rare syndromes with facial asymmetries, Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), PHACE (posterior fossa brain malformation, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, and eye abnormalities) syndrome, plagiocephaly, and Parry-Romberg syndrome are worth noticing. The majority of craniofacial asymmetries require surgery to improve the patient's facial appearance. The treatment is multidisciplinary and long, and the most common procedures involve reparative and regenerative surgeries. The aim of this review was to present the most common congenital defects with facial asymmetry.
对称性存在于日常生活的各个方面。对称的面部被认为具有吸引力，而面部不对称则被视为功能和美学问题的根源。大多数人表现出轻微的不对称，但其中一些人则存在严重的不对称。在患有严重面部不对称的患者中，可能有先天性缺陷者。先天性缺陷可能在出生时就表现出来，或者是出生创伤的结果。最常见的不对称出生缺陷之一是唇裂和/或腭裂。其他先天性缺陷包括颅面综合征，如特雷彻·柯林斯综合征（TCS）和戈尔登哈综合征。在罕见的面部不对称综合征中，克利佩尔-费尔综合征（KFS）、PHACE（后颅窝脑畸形、血管瘤、动脉异常、心脏异常和眼部异常）综合征、扁头畸形和帕里-罗姆伯格综合征值得关注。大多数颅面不对称需要手术来改善患者的面部外观。治疗是多学科且漫长的，最常见的手术包括修复性和再生性手术。本综述的目的是介绍最常见的伴有面部不对称的先天性缺陷。
