Kojo Kosuke, Kim Jaejong, Saida Tsukasa, Ohta Tomoyuki, Sano Keisuke, Kandori Shuya, Hoshi Akio, Negoro Hiromitsu, Nishiyama Hiroyuki
Department of Urology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Center for IVF and Infertility, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasushiobara, Japan.
JMA J. 2024 Oct 15;7(4):471-486. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2024-0058. Epub 2024 Aug 9.
Medical illustration serves as a cornerstone for understanding intricate anatomical anomalies, with three-dimensional (3D) rendering emerging as a pioneering tool for emphasizing basic medical concepts and clinical practices. In Japan, the SYNAPSE VINCENT software package (SVSP; Fujifilm Medical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), internationally known as "SYNAPSE 3D," is a widely embraced solution for 3D rendering. However, despite its prevalence, resources elucidating its practical usage and offering insightful tips are scarce. In this review, we focus on the use of SVSP for 3D rendering of complex anatomical anomalies, particularly in the field of urology. We demonstrate a step-by-step process of 3D rendering. 3D rendering was performed in a sample case of a patient with horseshoe kidney and coexisting bilateral varicoceles through inputting of multiphase contrast-enhanced CT images into the application, followed by segmentation of the renal parenchyma, image registration, and segmentation of the arterial and venous systems as well as the upper urinary tract. Manual adjustments were made using the "Mask edit" and "Diameter setting" tools to ensure accuracy, particularly in cases of significant anomalies. Then, color-coded structures appeared, including the renal parenchyma, arterial and venous systems, and upper urinary tract, which provided a comprehensive visualization of the anatomical anomalies. This review highlights the effectiveness of the SVSP in visualizing complex anatomical abnormalities and detailing the practical rendering process, which could promote wider adoption of the application among urologists despite the challenges associated with the software.
医学插图是理解复杂解剖异常的基石，三维（3D）渲染作为一种开创性工具，正用于强化基础医学概念和临床实践。在日本，SYNAPSE VINCENT软件包（SVSP；富士胶片医疗株式会社，东京，日本），国际上称为“SYNAPSE 3D”，是一种广泛应用的3D渲染解决方案。然而，尽管其应用广泛，但阐明其实际用法并提供实用技巧的资源却很稀缺。在本综述中，我们重点关注SVSP在复杂解剖异常3D渲染中的应用，特别是在泌尿外科领域。我们展示了3D渲染的逐步过程。通过将多期对比增强CT图像输入该应用程序，对一例马蹄肾合并双侧精索静脉曲张患者的样本病例进行3D渲染，随后对肾实质进行分割、图像配准，以及对动脉和静脉系统以及上尿路进行分割。使用“蒙版编辑”和“直径设置”工具进行手动调整以确保准确性，特别是在存在明显异常的情况下。然后，出现了彩色编码的结构，包括肾实质、动脉和静脉系统以及上尿路，全面呈现了解剖异常情况。本综述强调了SVSP在可视化复杂解剖异常以及详细介绍实际渲染过程方面的有效性，尽管该软件存在一些挑战，但这可能会促进泌尿外科医生更广泛地采用该应用程序。
