Obradović Valentina, Ergović Ravančić Maja, Marčetić Helena, Vuksanović Nikola, Škrabal Svjetlana
Faculty of Tourism and Rural Development in Požega, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vukovarska 17, 34 000 Požega, Croatia.
Faculty of Management, University "Union-Nikola Tesla", 21205 Sremski Karlovci, Serbia.
Foods. 2024 Oct 28;13(21):3432. doi: 10.3390/foods13213432.
A correlation between nutritional status and academic achievement has been established by many studies, but students' eating habits often do not meet nutritional recommendations. Breakfast consumption has a positive effect on cognitively demanding tasks and results in better attention and memory. The goal of this work was to develop well-balanced, nutritionally rich morning meals for students based on the concept of tapas, a combination of several different small meals composed of different ingredients. An introductory survey about students' morning eating habits was conducted among students of the Faculty of Tourism and Rural Development in Požega, Croatia. Forty-six full-time students (9.50% of total number of students at the faculty) participated in the survey. Sixteen types of tapas were prepared combining ingredients which students rated as desirable (cheese, prosciutto, peppers, milk spread) and undesirable (blue fish, dry fruit, cauliflower, chickpeas) in the initial survey. Tapas (one tapa = one sample) were scored by a sensory panel of 16 students, and nutritional value of the samples was assessed by web application Program Prehrane (The Nutrition Program). All samples except two were scored as desirable by more than 60% of students, meaning that even ingredients which have been initially scored as undesirable, can be incorporated into desirable meal when properly combined. Based on the analysis of energy and nutritional value of samples, students should combine 3 to 5 different tapas to fulfill their energy needs for breakfast or 1 to 2 different tapas for a morning snack. Developed tapas can provide a perfectly balanced meal rich in different micronutrients because they include ingredients which students normally do not include in their breakfast. Especially important ingredients were blue fish rich in unsaturated acids and selenium, nuts rich in selenium and vitamin E, and red peppers rich in vitamin C and carotenoids. Tapas containing cheese and prosciutto, students' favorite ingredients, had the highest level of sodium and fats, but not above recommended values when combined with other tapas.
许多研究已经证实营养状况与学业成绩之间存在关联,但学生的饮食习惯往往不符合营养建议。吃早餐对需要认知能力的任务有积极影响,能带来更好的注意力和记忆力。这项工作的目标是基于西班牙小吃的概念,为学生开发营养均衡、富含营养的早餐,西班牙小吃是由几种不同的小份食物组成,这些小份食物由不同食材搭配而成。在克罗地亚波热加的旅游与农村发展学院的学生中,开展了一项关于学生早餐饮食习惯的初步调查。46名全日制学生(占该学院学生总数的9.50%)参与了此次调查。结合学生在初步调查中评定为受欢迎的食材(奶酪、火腿、辣椒、牛奶酱)和不受欢迎的食材(蓝鱼、干果、花椰菜、鹰嘴豆),准备了16种西班牙小吃。由16名学生组成的感官评定小组对西班牙小吃(一份西班牙小吃 = 一个样本)进行评分,并通过网络应用程序“营养计划”评估样本的营养价值。除了两份样本外,超过60%的学生将所有样本评定为受欢迎,这意味着即使是最初评定为不受欢迎的食材,经过合理搭配也能成为受欢迎的餐食。基于对样本能量和营养价值的分析,学生早餐应搭配3至5种不同的西班牙小吃以满足能量需求,或搭配1至2种不同的西班牙小吃作为上午的零食。所开发的西班牙小吃能提供营养完美均衡且富含多种微量营养素的餐食,因为它们包含了学生通常不会在早餐中食用的食材。特别重要的食材包括富含不饱和脂肪酸和硒的蓝鱼、富含硒和维生素E的坚果,以及富含维生素C和类胡萝卜素的红辣椒。含有学生喜爱的奶酪和火腿的西班牙小吃钠和脂肪含量最高,但与其他西班牙小吃搭配时未超过推荐值。