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原生动物共生物肌肉滴虫 Tritrichomonas musculis 是黏膜 IgA 的天然佐剂。

The protozoan commensal Tritrichomonas musculis is a natural adjuvant for mucosal IgA.

机构信息

Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

出版信息

J Exp Med. 2024 Dec 2;221(12). doi: 10.1084/jem.20221727. Epub 2024 Nov 13.

Abstract

Immunoglobulin (Ig) A supports mucosal immune homeostasis and host-microbiota interactions. While commensal bacteria are known for their ability to promote IgA, the role of non-bacterial commensal microbes in the induction of IgA remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that permanent colonization with the protozoan commensal Tritrichomonas musculis (T.mu) promotes T cell-dependent, IgA class-switch recombination, and intestinal accumulation of IgA-secreting plasma cells (PC). T.mu colonization specifically drives the expansion of T follicular helper cells and a unique ICOS+ non-Tfh cell population, accompanied by an increase in germinal center B cells. Blockade of ICOS:ICOSL co-stimulation or MHCII-expression on B cells is central for the induction of IgA following colonization by T.mu, implicating a previously underappreciated mode of IgA induction following protozoan commensal colonization. Finally, T.mu further improves the induction of IgA-secreting PC specific to orally ingested antigens and their peripheral dissemination, identifying T.mu as a "natural adjuvant" for IgA. Collectively, these findings propose a protozoa-driven mode of IgA induction to support intestinal immune homeostasis.

摘要

免疫球蛋白(Ig)A 支持黏膜免疫稳态和宿主-微生物群相互作用。虽然共生细菌以促进 IgA 的能力而闻名,但非细菌共生微生物在诱导 IgA 中的作用仍不清楚。在这里,我们证明了永久定植原生动物共生滴虫(T.mu)可促进 T 细胞依赖性、IgA 类别转换重组,并促进 IgA 分泌浆细胞(PC)在肠道中的积累。T.mu 定植特异性地驱动滤泡辅助 T 细胞(Tfh)和独特的 ICOSl+非 Tfh 细胞群体的扩张,伴随着生发中心 B 细胞的增加。在 T.mu 定植后,阻断 ICOSl:ICOSL 共刺激或 B 细胞上的 MHCII 表达是诱导 IgA 的关键,这表明在原生动物共生定植后,IgA 的诱导存在一种以前未被充分认识的模式。最后,T.mu 进一步改善了针对口服摄入抗原的 IgA 分泌 PC 的诱导及其外周传播,将 T.mu 鉴定为 IgA 的“天然佐剂”。总的来说,这些发现提出了一种由原生动物驱动的 IgA 诱导模式,以支持肠道免疫稳态。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/10fd/11561467/17e43192b678/JEM_20221727_GA.jpg

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