Ijoma Adanna, Akanbi Saidat A, Idemudia Etinosa A, Aderemi Lara, Titus Victoria O, Okoye Tricia O, Adeyemo Damilola A, O'dare Rachel A, Okobi Okelue E
Anaesthesia, Red Deer Regional Hospital Centre, Red Deer, CAN.
Preventive Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 15;16(10):e71550. doi: 10.7759/cureus.71550. eCollection 2024 Oct.
The fast-increasing obesity prevalence rates in children, youths, and adults in the last decade have made obesity prevention a global public health priority. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the various obesity prevention strategies and guidelines implemented in the United States and Canada. Thus, for this study, a systematic review was performed on various online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE. The decision to study the obesity prevention strategies in Canada and the United States is a result of the high prevalence rates of obesity in the two countries, alongside the numerous prevention interventions that have been executed to prevent obesity. Additionally, the systematic review used robust methodology that followed the Cochrane guidance and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Only studies published between 2014 and 2024, drawn from listed databases, were included in this systematic review. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies, with the studies being rated moderate to high quality. Therefore, a total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The findings indicate that various obesity prevention interventions have been implemented across the United States and Canada, with diverse degrees of success in obesity prevention and management. Food labeling, regular exercises, portion size regulation, school-based intervention strategies, early childhood Intervention programs, and sugar-sweetened beverage taxation were found to be effective interventions for preventing obesity in children and adults. Based on the findings, there is a need to ensure full execution of the different interventions to ensure significant reduction in obesity prevalence, as well as prevention of obesity in different populations.
在过去十年中，儿童、青少年和成年人肥胖患病率的快速上升使肥胖预防成为全球公共卫生的优先事项。本研究的主要目的是评估美国和加拿大实施的各种肥胖预防策略和指南。因此，本研究对包括PubMed、Scopus、谷歌学术和MEDLINE在内的各种在线数据库进行了系统综述。选择研究加拿大和美国的肥胖预防策略，是因为这两个国家肥胖患病率很高，同时还实施了许多预防肥胖的干预措施。此外，该系统综述采用了遵循Cochrane指南和系统评价与Meta分析优先报告项目（PRISMA）指南的稳健方法。本系统综述仅纳入了2014年至2024年间从所列数据库中检索到的研究。使用横断面研究评估工具对纳入研究的质量进行评估，这些研究被评为中等至高质量。因此，共有15项研究符合纳入标准并进行了综述。研究结果表明，美国和加拿大各地都实施了各种肥胖预防干预措施，在肥胖预防和管理方面取得了不同程度的成功。食品标签、定期锻炼、控制份量、基于学校的干预策略、幼儿干预项目和对含糖饮料征税被发现是预防儿童和成人肥胖的有效干预措施。基于这些发现，有必要确保全面实施不同的干预措施，以确保肥胖患病率大幅降低，并预防不同人群的肥胖。
