Cancer Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, AL 36104, USA.
Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Clin Immunol. 2024 Dec;269:110402. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110402. Epub 2024 Nov 17.
Two major antigen processing pathways represent protein Ags through major histocompatibility complexes (MHC class I and II) or lipid Ags through CD1 molecules influence the tumor immune response. Invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT) manage a significant role in cancer immunotherapy. CD1d, found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), presents lipid Ags to iNKT cells. In many cancers, the number and function of iNKT cell are compromised, leading to immune evasion. Additionally impaired motility of iNKT cells may contribute to poor tumor prognosis. Emerging evidences suggest that CD1d, itself also influences cancer progression. Patient databases further highlight the importance of CD1d expression in different cancers and its correlation with patient survival outcomes. The ability of iNKT cells to activate and enhance the immune response renders them an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. This review discusses all the possible ways of cancer immune evasion and restoration of immune responses mediated by CD1d-iNKT interactions.
两种主要的抗原处理途径通过主要组织相容性复合体(MHC Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类)或通过 CD1 分子呈递蛋白抗原或脂质抗原,影响肿瘤免疫反应。恒定自然杀伤 T 细胞(iNKT)在癌症免疫治疗中起着重要作用。CD1d 存在于抗原呈递细胞(APC)上,将脂质抗原呈递给 iNKT 细胞。在许多癌症中,iNKT 细胞的数量和功能受损,导致免疫逃逸。此外,iNKT 细胞的运动能力受损可能导致肿瘤预后不良。新出现的证据表明,CD1d 本身也会影响癌症的进展。患者数据库进一步强调了 CD1d 表达在不同癌症中的重要性及其与患者生存结局的相关性。iNKT 细胞激活和增强免疫反应的能力使其成为癌症免疫治疗的一个有吸引力的靶点。这篇综述讨论了癌症免疫逃逸的所有可能途径,以及 CD1d-iNKT 相互作用介导的免疫反应的恢复。