Ip Alexander, Barisano Anthony, Ramanujam Vendhan
Anesthesiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 20;16(10):e71916. doi: 10.7759/cureus.71916. eCollection 2024 Oct.
A thoracic epidural is commonly used for analgesia following trauma or surgery. Traditionally, thoracic epidurals are performed using the loss of resistance technique. However, false-positive loss of resistance and catheter placement outside the epidural space is possible. In such scenarios and when clinical equivalents, such as hemodynamic changes and sensory loss to epidural blockade, fail as well, assessment of the catheter position can be accomplished using ultrasound. Ultrasound scanning can identify the catheter and spread of the injectate past the laminas to confirm its epidural positioning. In addition, multiple scanning approaches can be used to view the interlaminar spaces at the thoracic level, which are usually challenging to visualize compared to the lumbar level to verify the epidural catheter. It can be done at the bedside, in real-time, and with the feasibility of obtaining immediate results. This way, a nonfunctioning catheter can be replaced promptly to achieve adequate analgesia. We present a case series of patients in whom an ultrasound was utilized to evaluate and replace ambiguously working thoracic epidural catheters that were primarily placed by the loss of resistance technique.
胸段硬膜外麻醉常用于创伤或手术后的镇痛。传统上,胸段硬膜外麻醉采用阻力消失技术进行。然而,可能会出现假阳性阻力消失以及导管放置在硬膜外腔外的情况。在这种情况下,当诸如血流动力学变化和硬膜外阻滞感觉丧失等临床等效指标也无法判断时,可以使用超声来评估导管位置。超声扫描可以识别导管以及注射药物通过椎板的扩散情况,以确认其硬膜外位置。此外,可以使用多种扫描方法来观察胸段的椎间隙,与腰段相比,胸段的椎间隙通常难以可视化,以验证硬膜外导管位置。这可以在床边实时进行,并且能够立即获得结果。通过这种方式,可以及时更换不起作用的导管以实现充分镇痛。我们展示了一系列病例,其中利用超声评估并更换了主要通过阻力消失技术放置的、工作情况不明确的胸段硬膜外导管。