Sharma Suman, Srivastava Suchita, Dubey Rudra Narayan, Mishra Poonam, Singh Jagmohan
Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Dec 11;52(22):13792-13811. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkae1136.
Prions represent epigenetic regulator proteins that can self-propagate their structure and confer their misfolded structure and function on normally folded proteins. Like the mammalian prion PrPSc, prions also occur in fungi. While a few prions, like Swi1, affect gene expression, none are shown to affect heterochromatin structure and function. In fission yeast and metazoans, histone methyltransferase Clr4/Suv39 causes H3-Lys9 methylation, which is bound by the chromodomain protein Swi6/HP1 to assemble heterochromatin. Earlier, we showed that sng2-1 mutation in the Cut4 subunit of anaphase-promoting complex abrogates heterochromatin structure due to defective binding and recruitment of Swi6. Here, we demonstrate that the Cut4p forms a non-canonical prion form, designated as [SNG2], which abrogates heterochromatin silencing. [SNG2] exhibits various prion-like properties, e.g. non-Mendelian inheritance, requirement of Hsp proteins for its propagation, de novo generation upon cut4 overexpression, reversible curing by guanidine, cytoplasmic inheritance and formation of infectious protein aggregates, which are dissolved upon overexpression of hsp genes. Interestingly, [SNG2] prion imparts an enhanced tolerance to stress conditions, supporting its role in promoting cell survival under environmental stress during evolution.
朊病毒是一种表观遗传调节蛋白,能够自我传播其结构,并将其错误折叠的结构和功能赋予正常折叠的蛋白质。与哺乳动物朊病毒PrPSc一样,朊病毒也存在于真菌中。虽然少数朊病毒,如Swi1,会影响基因表达,但尚未发现有朊病毒会影响异染色质的结构和功能。在裂殖酵母和后生动物中,组蛋白甲基转移酶Clr4/Suv39会导致H3-Lys9甲基化,该甲基化会被色域蛋白Swi6/HP1结合,从而组装成异染色质。此前,我们发现后期促进复合体的Cut4亚基中的sng2-1突变会因Swi6的结合和募集缺陷而消除异染色质结构。在此,我们证明Cut4p形成了一种非典型的朊病毒形式,命名为[SNG2],它会消除异染色质沉默。[SNG2]表现出各种类似朊病毒的特性,例如非孟德尔遗传、其传播需要热休克蛋白、cut4过表达时会从头产生、可被胍可逆治愈、细胞质遗传以及形成感染性蛋白聚集体,这些聚集体在hsp基因过表达时会溶解。有趣的是,[SNG2]朊病毒赋予了对压力条件更强的耐受性,这支持了它在进化过程中促进细胞在环境压力下存活的作用。