Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral, Zaragoza s/n, 50009, Spain.
Group GIIS094, Aragon Health Research Institute, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Nov 22;24(1):3247. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20710-7.
General health literacy (general HL) affects both individual and population health on numerous levels, with low general HL leading to increased morbidity, poor health service utilization, and increased healthcare spending. This study calculated health literacy scores of a population attending specialty consultations in the community of Aragon, Spain. It further produced a sociodemographic profile and examined the relationships between patients' scores and sociodemographic variables.
A sample of 150 patients from specialty consultations completed the internationally- validated HLS-Q12 to measure adult general HL. A 4-point-Likert scale gathered information regarding 12 items of health literacy. Final scores were divided into four categorical levels: excellent, sufficient, problematic, or inadequate. Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and a generalized linear model (GLM) analysis were performed to examine key relationships with respect to sociodemographic variables and health literacy scores.
The survey was completed by 150 subjects aged 18 and over in specialty clinics in Aragon, Spain. 59% of respondents had inadequate or problematic general HL, while 41% had sufficient or excellent general HL. Income level had a significant effect on health literacy scores, F = 2.129, (p < 0.05), as did different work situations, F = 3.762, (p < 0.001). Patients who self-reported as having diabetes had a significantly higher health literacy score, t = 2.356 (p < 0.05) than those reporting other health conditions. According to GLM analysis, education, health status, income, and the number of appointments were the strongest predictors of the heath literacy score.
General HL in this patient population was limited, and lower than in some comparable studies. The sociodemographic profile constructed, and associations with health literacy established, provide policy makers, healthcare administrators, and clinicians with information to consider new policies, processes and strategies to improve general HL in this specific population.
一般健康素养（general HL）在多个层面上影响着个体和人群的健康，低一般 HL 会导致发病率增加、卫生服务利用不足和医疗保健支出增加。本研究计算了在西班牙阿拉贡社区就诊的人群的健康素养得分。它进一步制作了社会人口统计学特征，并检查了患者得分与社会人口统计学变量之间的关系。
从专科门诊抽取 150 名患者完成国际上经过验证的 HLS-Q12 来衡量成人一般 HL。采用 4 点李克特量表收集了 12 项健康素养的信息。最终分数分为四个类别水平：优秀、充足、有问题或不足。采用独立样本 t 检验、单因素方差分析和广义线性模型（GLM）分析，检查了社会人口统计学变量与健康素养得分之间的关键关系。
这项调查是在西班牙阿拉贡的专科诊所完成的，共完成了 150 名 18 岁及以上的患者。59%的受访者健康素养不足或有问题，而 41%的受访者健康素养充足或优秀。收入水平对健康素养得分有显著影响，F=2.129，（p<0.05），不同的工作情况也有显著影响，F=3.762，（p<0.001）。自我报告患有糖尿病的患者健康素养得分明显更高，t=2.356（p<0.05），而报告其他健康状况的患者则较低。根据 GLM 分析，教育、健康状况、收入和预约次数是健康素养得分的最强预测因素。
该患者人群的一般 HL 有限，低于一些可比研究。构建的社会人口统计学特征以及与健康素养的关联为决策者、医疗保健管理人员和临床医生提供了信息，以考虑在这一特定人群中提高一般 HL 的新政策、流程和策略。
