Hall David R, Serrano Jacqueline, Yokota Glenn Y, Nieto Diego J, Farman Dudley I, McElfresh J Steven, Del Pozo-Valdivia Alejandro I, Millar Jocelyn G, Daane Kent M
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2025 Feb 11;118(1):184-194. doi: 10.1093/jee/toae266.
The mirid bugs Lygus hesperus (Knight) and L. elisus (van Duzee) are key pests of forage, fiber, and fruit crops. Our goals were to identify pheromone components produced by females of both species and to develop practical pheromone dispensers for use in monitoring these pests. Volatiles collected from virgin female L. elisus contained (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate (E2HB) as the major component with lesser amounts of hexyl butyrate (HB) and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal (E4OH) (ratio 117.2:100:17.1, respectively), whereas volatiles and solvent extracts from L. hesperus contained HB and E4OH as major components, with only small amounts of E2HB (100:23.6:3.4, respectively in volatiles). Dispensers fabricated from pipette tips released the components at ~10 µg/d in a ratio similar to the loading ratio. These lures were used to optimize the pheromone blends in field studies from 2012 to 2017. Blends of E2HB and E4OH attracted L. elisus, and a 100:60 blend was optimal. Blends of HB and E4OH attracted L. hesperus, and a 100:60 blend was adopted as a base blend. The additions of possible minor components such as (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenal, or 1-hexanol did not improve the attraction of L. hesperus. In trials in alfalfa and strawberry, traps baited with blends of HB:E4OH (100:60) were equally or more effective for monitoring L. hesperus than sweep or vacuum samples, with pipette tip dispensers lasting 2-3 weeks under field conditions. The numbers of L. hesperus captured were lower than expected as compared with reports of pheromone trapping for other Lygus spp. Some possible reasons were investigated.
牧草盲蝽（Lygus hesperus (Knight)）和埃氏牧草盲蝽（L. elisus (van Duzee)）是牧草、纤维作物和水果作物的主要害虫。我们的目标是鉴定这两种昆虫雌虫产生的性信息素成分，并开发用于监测这些害虫的实用型性信息素诱捕器。从未交配的埃氏牧草盲蝽雌虫收集的挥发物中，丁酸（E）-2-己烯酯（E2HB）是主要成分，丁酸己酯（HB）和（E）-4-氧代-2-己烯醛（E4OH）含量较少（比例分别为117.2:100:17.1），而牧草盲蝽的挥发物和溶剂提取物中，HB和E4OH是主要成分，E2HB含量很少（挥发物中比例分别为100:23.6:3.4）。用移液管尖端制作的诱捕器以与负载比例相似的比例以约10 µg/天的速度释放这些成分。这些诱芯用于在2012年至2017年的田间研究中优化性信息素混合物。E2HB和E4OH的混合物吸引埃氏牧草盲蝽，100:60的混合物是最佳的。HB和E4OH的混合物吸引牧草盲蝽，100:60的混合物被用作基础混合物。添加可能的次要成分，如（Z）-3-己烯基丁酸酯、（E）-2-己烯醛或1-己醇，并没有提高牧草盲蝽的诱捕效果。在苜蓿和草莓试验中，用HB:E4OH（100:60）混合物诱捕的诱捕器在监测牧草盲蝽方面与扫网或真空取样法效果相当或更好，在田间条件下移液管尖端诱捕器可持续2至3周。与其他牧草盲蝽种的性信息素诱捕报告相比，捕获的牧草盲蝽数量低于预期。研究了一些可能的原因。
