Mianda Sephora Mutombo, Li Jiaxuan, Akter Saleha, Adiamo Oladipupo, Sivakumar Dharini, Sultanbawa Yasmina
Phytochemical Food Network, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Centre for Nutrition & Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4068, Australia.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Nov 12;13(11):1382. doi: 10.3390/antiox13111382.
The Spiny saltbush () is a halophyte species with the potential to provide natural ingredients used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In food and pharmaceutical applications, drying is necessary to maintain shelf-life, which reduces phytonutrient content. In this study, changes in the nutritional composition, phenolic and carotenoid profiles of radical antioxidant scavenging activity [(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)], antioxidant power [ferric reducing antioxidant ability assay (FRAP)], and cytotoxicity of freeze- and oven-dried (55 °C for 24 h) spiny saltbush were determined. Sodium (4.72 g/100 g dry weight (DW), potassium (6.86 g/100 g DW), calcium (4.06 g/100 g DW), zinc (372 mg/kg DW) and protein content were higher in oven-dried samples than freeze-dried samples. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis detected 18 metabolites in saltbush extracts. Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, and Variable Importance in Projection discriminated between freeze-dried and oven-dried samples. Freeze-dried samples retained more individual metabolites than oven-dried samples, while oven-dried samples had higher antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP), lutein, trans-β carotene, and cis-β-carotene. Correlation analysis identified potential antioxidant candidates between phenolic and carotenoid compounds. Neither freeze-dried nor oven-dried spiny saltbush samples showed cytotoxicity. The study uncovered changes in phytonutritional compounds after the oven and freeze-drying spiny saltbush, a potential salt alternative and functional ingredient for the food industry.
刺盐肤木（）是一种盐生植物，有潜力提供食品和制药行业使用的天然成分。在食品和制药应用中，干燥对于保持保质期是必要的，但这会降低植物营养素含量。在本研究中，测定了冷冻干燥和烘干（55℃，24小时）的刺盐肤木在营养成分、酚类和类胡萝卜素谱、自由基抗氧化清除活性[（2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）]、抗氧化能力[铁还原抗氧化能力测定（FRAP）]以及细胞毒性方面的变化。烘干样品中的钠（4.72克/100克干重（DW））、钾（6.86克/100克DW）、钙（4.06克/100克DW）、锌（372毫克/千克DW）和蛋白质含量高于冷冻干燥样品。超高效液相色谱-质谱分析在盐肤木提取物中检测到18种代谢物。偏最小二乘判别分析、层次聚类分析和投影变量重要性分析区分了冷冻干燥和烘干样品。冷冻干燥样品比烘干样品保留了更多的单个代谢物，而烘干样品具有更高的抗氧化活性（ABTS和FRAP）、叶黄素、反式-β-胡萝卜素和顺式-β-胡萝卜素。相关性分析确定了酚类和类胡萝卜素化合物之间潜在的抗氧化候选物。冷冻干燥和烘干的刺盐肤木样品均未显示出细胞毒性。该研究揭示了烘干和冷冻干燥刺盐肤木后植物营养化合物的变化，刺盐肤木是食品工业潜在的盐替代品和功能性成分。
