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携带人类砷甲基转移酶(AS3MT)基因并喂食叶酸缺乏或叶酸补充饮食的小鼠体内无机砷的代谢

Metabolism of inorganic arsenic in mice carrying the human AS3MT gene and fed folate deficient or folate supplemented diet.

作者信息

Miller Madison, Douillet Christelle, Cable Peter H, Krupenko Sergey A, Shang Bingzhen, Hartwell Hadley J, Zou Fei, Koller Beverly H, Fry Rebecca C, de Villena Fernando Pardo-Manuel, Stýblo Miroslav

机构信息

Department of Nutrition, CB# 7461, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA.

Department of Nutrition, CB# 7461, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA; The UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.

出版信息

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2025 Feb;495:117173. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117173. Epub 2024 Nov 26.

Abstract

Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) catalyzes the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methylation of inorganic arsenic (iAs), yielding monomethyl‑arsenic (MAs) and dimethyl‑arsenic (DMAs) metabolites. The formation of DMAs in this pathway is considered a key mechanism for iAs detoxification. Availability of SAM for iAs methylation depends in part on dietary intake of folate. Results of population studies suggest that supplementation with folate stimulates iAs methylation, increasing DMAs and decreasing iAs and MAs proportions in urine and/or blood. The goal of the present study was to determine if folate intake affects methylation and clearance of iAs in a recently established mouse strain that expresses human AS3MT and exhibits a human-like pattern of iAs metabolism. The humanized male and female mice were fed folate-deficient (FD) or folate-supplemented (FS) diet for 6 weeks, followed by exposure to 0 ppb or 400 ppb iAs in drinking water for 5 weeks, while on the same types of diet. The concentrations and proportions of iAs, MAs and DMAs were determined in urine, liver, kidneys, and spleen. The diet-, sex- and dose-related differences were assessed by t-test or a non-parametric test; Bonferroni test was used to correct for multiple comparisons. In general, proportions of DMAs were greater and proportions of iAs were smaller in urine and tissues of FS mice as compared to FD mice. However, folate supplementation also increased MAs proportions. Notably, the folate intake had no effect on the concentrations of total arsenic either in the urine or the tissues. These results suggest that, similar to humans, folate supplementation stimulates iAs methylation in the humanized mice. However, the stimulation of iAs methylation is not associated with clearance of arsenic from tissues, possibly due to an inefficient conversion of MAs to DMAs.

摘要

砷(+3氧化态)甲基转移酶(AS3MT)催化无机砷(iAs)依赖于S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)的甲基化反应,生成一甲基砷(MAs)和二甲基砷(DMAs)代谢产物。该途径中DMAs的形成被认为是iAs解毒的关键机制。SAM用于iAs甲基化的可用性部分取决于饮食中叶酸的摄入量。人群研究结果表明,补充叶酸会刺激iAs甲基化,增加尿液和/或血液中DMAs的含量,同时降低iAs和MAs的比例。本研究的目的是确定叶酸摄入量是否会影响一种最近建立的表达人AS3MT并呈现出类似人类iAs代谢模式的小鼠品系中iAs的甲基化和清除情况。将人源化的雄性和雌性小鼠分别喂食叶酸缺乏(FD)或叶酸补充(FS)饮食6周,然后在饮用相同类型饮食的同时,让它们饮用含0 ppb或400 ppb iAs的水5周。测定尿液、肝脏、肾脏和脾脏中iAs、MAs和DMAs的浓度及比例。通过t检验或非参数检验评估饮食、性别和剂量相关的差异;采用Bonferroni检验对多重比较进行校正。总体而言,与FD小鼠相比,FS小鼠尿液和组织中DMAs的比例更高,iAs的比例更低。然而,补充叶酸也增加了MAs的比例。值得注意的是,叶酸摄入量对尿液或组织中总砷的浓度没有影响。这些结果表明,与人类相似,补充叶酸会刺激人源化小鼠中iAs的甲基化。然而,iAs甲基化的刺激与组织中砷的清除无关,这可能是由于MAs向DMAs的转化效率低下所致。

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